Foreign language acquisition and learning plays a pivotal role in the educational system and is of great interest for empirical investigations (Mehisto et al. 2008). Research in this field is termed Second Language Acquisition (SLA). Ellis (2010) defines SLA as “the way in which people learn a language other than their mother tongue, inside or outside a classroom”. The aim of SLA research is to explain the processes that occur when learning another language after the native language and what factors influence them (Kersten 2019). Every learner has individual, internal prerequisites determined by his or her personality, language and cognitive skills (ibid.). Furthermore, external factors such as the family and the social environment or institutional factors, for example educational policies and school administration and the teacher’s personality and professionalism contribute to his or her success in learning a foreign language (ibid.). The teacher as an external factor is of major importance for the present study, in particular the quality of input given by him or her in different instructional settings.
Since “teaching is a complex interaction among teachers, students and content that no single measurement tool is likely to capture” (Archer et al. 2014), this study aims to identify differences in input quality between two teaching approaches by using the Teacher Input Observation Scheme (TIOS), an observation scheme which is currently in the developing phase at Hildesheim University. The study outcomes are anticipated to make a limited contribution to the context field of teacher education by providing a single-case data measurement of Teacher Input Quality (TIQ) regarding two different approaches to reading literacy.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background
2.1. Classroom Observation
2.2. Input Theories
2.2.1. Input Hypothesis
2.2.2. Interaction Hypothesis
2.2.3. Output Hypothesis
2.3. Input Quality
2.4. Videography
2.5. The Two Teaching Approaches: Synthetic Phonics and Whole Word
2.5.1. Synthetic Phonics in English-Speaking Countries and in the L2-classroom
2.5.2. Whole Word Approach
3. Empirical Study
3.1. Methodology
3.1.1. Research question, hypothesis and expected eutcome
3.1.2. Methodological approach
3.1.3. Subjects
3.1.4. Elicitation Procedure
3.1.4.1. Elicitation Instrument: Teacher Input Observation Scheme (TIOS)
3.1.4.2. Rating participants
3.1.5. Data Analysis
3.1.6. Methodological and Analytical Limitations
3.2. Research Results
3.2.1. Individual and Mean Percentage Scores of R1 and R2
3.2.2. Individual High-InferenceCategoryScores
3.2.3. Comparison of Mean High-Inference Category Scores
3.2.4. Statistical Significance
3.3. Discussion
4. Conclusion
5. References
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