This research studies verse romance tale "Homay o Homayun" by Kaju Kermani, a sufi mystic and Persian poet of the early 14th century. This tale is a story of a medieval Syrian prince named Homay who falls in love with a Chinese princess Homayun, just by seeing her portrait on a silk in his dream. He begins a long journey, facing the dragon and reaching the treasure, then he finally becomes the king of all the lands from Syria to China and marries the Chinese princess in a happy ending story. This article tries to expose the importance of Kaju as a fundamental link in mystical poetry study’s chain.
Homāy o Homāyūn
Thematic Roots and Literary Backgrounds
Introduction
Subject
Author
Homāy o Homāyūn text
Problematic
Persian Courtly Verse Romance
Gol o Nowrūz
Vāmīq o Azrā
Vīs o Rāmīn
Shāhnāmah
The Niẓāmī Model
Leylī o Majnūn
Haft Peykar
Khosrow o Shīrīn
Literary Technics
Protagonist of an Internal Journey
Homāy and Homāyūn names
Ethical lessons
Adversity
Fights and Achievements
Auxiliaries
The Figures of the Guide
Sorūš
Onager
Fairy angels
Celestial Geography and the Stages of the Journey
The Garden
The Desert
Qāf Mountain
China
The Way of Love
The Perfection of Royalty
Who is the King?
Pauper and Prince
From Ethics to Mysticism
Transformation
Metaphors for Union
Conclusion
Bibliography
Subject
This research studies verse romance tale Hom ā y o Hom ā y ū n by Ḵᵛāju Kermānī, sufi mystic and Persian poet of the early 14th century. This tale is a story of a medieval Syrian prince named Homāy who falls in love with a Chinese princess Homāyūn, just by seeing her portrait on a silk in his dream. He begins a long journey, facing the dragon and reaching the treasure, then he finally becomes the king of all the lands from Syria to China and marries Chinese princess in a happy ending story. This article tries to expose the importance of Ḵᵛāju as a fundamental link in mystical poetry study’s chain.
Author
Abu’l-ʿAṭā Kamāl-al-Din Maḥmud b. ʿAli b. Maḥmud Moršedi, Persian poet mystic who was born in Kermān on 24 December 1290; died in Shiraz in 1349. His poetry signature “taḵalloṣ” is Ḵᵛājū. According to Ḵᵛājū in his work Gol o Nowr ū z, he was born in 689 AH. He comes from a high-level social family in Kermān. His father ʿAli b. Maḥmud, who was one of the elders of Kerman named him Afzal al-Dīn and called him Ḵᵛājū. In the medieval language, the letter “و” at the end of a word is a sign of “little” in the way of kindness. So in social literature, Ḵᵛājū means little Ḵᵛājah and nowadays people still have this culture still in Kermān. He had a dream to become a famous poet from his childhood in which he receives a message and inspiration that he will be a great speaker and writer. His views have been considered by his elders. Dolatšāh Samarqandī named him as the owner of knowledge “Malik al-‘Olamā’“. He traveled a lot to study in different paths to acquire the knowledge of his era and to use the experiences of the famous masters of the time who lived in different cities with different ideas. The journey to study science was common at that time. Sa’dī also has traveled for more than forty years and earned his experiences. Another reason for the journeys of these poets was finding a kind and calm place for life and a producer who supports their work, like a king who can materially provide them with the ability to publish their works. Ḵᵛājū says in his poems: The constant water dissipates and traveling is important to self-improve and self-develop. After traveling to various cities such as Isfahan, Shiraz, Tabrīz and Kāzarun, he moved to Arabia through Mesopotamia and returned from Ka'ba to Baghdad where in 1331 he composed his best-known work, the verse romance Hom ā y o Hom ā yun. Sometimes he points out in his poems that he is tired of these travels and searches, but the enthusiasm for finding a new concept has always brought him a new journey. He went to Shiraz at the end of his life and stayed there until the end of his life. His tomb is situated at the Qurʾān Gate near the Allāho-Akbar Pass in Shiraz. Ḵᵛājū’s moving to Shiraz was because of the invitation of Emād oddīn-Mahmūd Kirmānī, his fellow friend and Minister of the Abū Ishāq Shah, who has admired by Ḥāfeẓ very much in his poems. In general, all the royal families courts which Ḵᵛājū had relations with, lost their power and kingdom (Ḵ amse Ḵᵛā j ū Kirm ā n ī pp. 15-22).
His nickname “Moršedi” is because of his connection with the Sufi order Shaikh Abu Esḥāq Kāzaruni who was the creator of the Moršediya order. Ḵᵛājū also mentions his birthday with three different calendars dates in his poem Gol o Nowr ū z on 20th Zil-Hajj 689 AH, and it shows his hegemony in astronomy. His childhood was in Kermān, but he does not explain anything about his childhood evens in his works. There is no information about the life and death of his parents. In some verses, we can see that he did not see Kermān as a good place to stay and always wanted to get out of there. After leaving Kermān, he went to Shīraz which was the city that he wished for it. Then he went to Kāzarun to study in Shaikh Abu Esḥāq Kāzaruni order. He traveled to Isfahān, Bandar Abbās, and Hamedān. Apparently, he had endured such difficulties as hunger and thirst during this travels (D ī w ā n Ḵᵛā j ū Kirm ā n ī pp.9-47).
The importance of studying at Ḵᵛāju is that he was one of the general masters of Ḥāfeẓ. His influence on Ḥāfeẓ is not only in textual similarities but to some extent, we can say some part of Ḥāfeẓ's Divan has been in response to Ḵᵛāju's Dīvan. Even Ḥāfeẓ points out his impact of Ḵᵛāju and he says: Master of discourse is Sa’dī, but Ḥāfeẓ's words are close to the Ḵᵛāju’s method.
Ḥāfeẓ:
Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten
Various similar verses are found in common rhymes between Ḵᵛājū and Ḥāfeẓ. Browne explains that the completion of the Ghazal domain and territory and the expansion of its development was carried out by Ḥāfeẓ, and in smaller levels by those who lived in his era, such as Ḵᵛājū and Salmān with the previous masters such as Sa’dī. Their main theme all is about love. Ḵᵛājū has also some motifs about transitoriness of life and world. Salmān was professional in literary technics and using similes and metaphors. Ḥāfeẓ applied these both technics together. Ḥāfeẓ used a mixture of these capacities and added his grace to them in his Dīwān. As Browne explains, there are many common examples between Ḵᵛājū and Ḥāfeẓ in his Dīwān which have been told in response to Ḵᵛājū's poems. Many of the parallel couplets of these two poets are semantically and formally similar (Browne pp. 293-96).
Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten
Homāy o Homāyūn text
The beginning of the story
(HH 26,1 à 28,2)
In the land of Šām (Today’s Syria), there was a king from the “Kay Khosrow” royal family generation named “Manūšang-Šāh”. His only wish was to have a son to continue his kingdom and after a while, God gave him a son. The baby had a face like “Manūčehr” and a fortune like “Keyqobād”. His horoscope was heavenly, like an angel coming down from paradise. King named him Homāy, like a phoenix sitting on his roof. They fed him with the best milk and he was raised with the best facilities. When he reached the age of four, he was very strong and smart, with a face like a shining moon. Many teachers taught him and he studied mathematics and literature, medicine and astronomy. When he was ten, he was so strong that nobody could fight him and no one had his power and physique. Years passed and the boy grew older and became adolescent.
One day, the boy went to the king. With respect and praise of his father, said that he is tired of the garden and rosary and he needs to go out to the hunting and see the world. The king who loved his boy was always worried about his absence, but he allowed the boy to go to the hunting only for one day.
Shah sends his boy, prince Homāy to the desert for hunting
(HH 28,3 à 30,14)
Homāy left the castle to the field and desert for hunting with a glory splendiferous army contains two thousand and two hundred soldiers. It was spring, and the plain was full of tulip flowers and the hunting ground was like a beautiful paradise. The buds were opened and the nightingales were singing. The prince's army was like the army of elephants who ran for lion hunting.
Suddenly, Homāy saw a beautiful zebra with a black tail and golden hoofs. The prince followed him to the desert and separated from the army. The prince tried to hunt the zebra and trapped him with a rope, but at the end, the horse ran away and the prince did not succeed.
The prince Homāy comes to the fairy garden and falls in love with Homāyūn dream
(HH 30,15 à 35,2)
He got lost in the desert and could no longer see the army and troops. At night, the desert was scary like the giant’s house. He ran fast with his horse to the dawn of sun and arrived in a rivulet, to a green field with jasmine flowers and the sound of birds and cypress trees, where was a colorful plain like paradise. The prince drove off the horse and ran towards the garden. There was a palace in the middle of the garden. An angel face fairy welcomed him and invited him to a garden tour and gave him a drink to make him fresh. The fairy was living in that palace which had risen to the sky. Prince then arrived at the palace. The walls were made of acacia and gold. On the porch, a golden bed and a golden cloth hung from the vault. A heavenly figure was drawn on it. There was also a text which was telling: “Look at this angel face with your third eye and your heart; Not to put aside thoughts and wisdom, but know that fairy does not fit in wisdom. Look at the painting exactly like a painter and find the painter inside of the artwork. Look for any image you see and look for its true meaning. The friend's face can be found in the significations and senses. Close your eyes and look at the meanings. When you fall in love, you come to Leily. When you do not see yourself, you'll see the mate. Do not be deceived by your colorful face and wait and see which new faces and time will bring to you.
The prince, who was shaken and amazed, became unconscious. A stranger voice in his ears said that you lost your heart, your religion, your intelligence and your wisdom. One who does not see the faces with the heart does not get the meanings. If you are looking for true love, give your heart to the lover and always be the first devoted. Be the man and go to China because your kingdom horoscope is there. If you are a real devotee, go to China, like Farhad.
When the prince woke up, it was no longer a garden, nor a palace, nor a birdsong. Riding on his horse, he cried sadly and said: "Why I did not sacrifice my soul on that moment?”. There was no way and no guidance. How he wanted to live without his sweetheart and how he wanted to deal with this passion of love.
The prince Homāy returns to the army and sends a message to his family.
(HH 35,3 à 38,6)
When the prince reached the mountain, he saw his army. When they found the prince sad, they asked his story. The prince said that he could not hide the secret from his friends and defined the story of the zebra to the fairy-tale and the face of the sweetheart. His friends got startled and worried about his story. They told him that it was wrong to think foolishly and just believe in a dream. Do not be stupid because this magic will make you miserable. That magical figure is Satan. They said: “Let's go back to the king because he is so worried”. When the prince heard these words he was disturbed and said “who did not see the moon face and the figure of the fairies can not figure it out. The moon of heaven is nothing in front of her. I just want her and I will not wait and her image never goes out of my mind”.
He told his troops to send a message to his mother and comfort her and tell that the prince is in love now and he has taken the way of love even if it was a wrong way. He can not save himself from this abyss and only luck should help him.
The prince Homāy and Behzād go to find Chinese King's daughter, Homāyūn (HH 38,7 à 40,11)
The prince’s childhood friend named Behzād accompanied him. They also went to their first battle together and they were real friends. Behzād’s heart came from the sorrow of the prince and came along with him to relieve fatigue from him.
They knocked on the door of every house following the Chinese King's daughter, Homāyūn. On the way, the prince was very sad and disturbed so Behzād invited him to be patient. After a long journey, they reached the sea.
The prince Homāy and Behzād are captured by Samandūn Zangi (HH 40,12 à 42,8)
Samandūn Zangi was a cannibal hooligan thieve who was lurking for the caravans. He was pestering with the other forty thieves and they lived there. The thieves came out of the sea and captured the prince and Behzād. They threw their ship in the water and took the captives with them. Suddenly stormy began in the sea. A huge wave threw the thieves in the water and after a while the sea became calm and the ship reached the coast. Finally, they found a beautiful green land like a paradise. They thanked God and settled there for a night.
Prince gets rid of thieves (HH 42,9 à 45,9)
The next morning they re-started their journey and after passing the mountains they saw a few people with the horses. When the riders arrived to the prince, they drove off the horses and kissed the ground with respect. When they found out he was the prince of the east, they welcomed him and made his best wishes. They have arrived in the land of Khāvar.
Here, the writer talks about the rise and fall of fate and ups and downs in life: “In every love, it is a grudge and in every revenge, there is a love. Sometimes, the fortune of life brings you from the highest point to the lowest and sometimes lays the crown of the kingdom over you. Sometimes it takes someone to the moon like the prophet's ascension and puts someone else in the black hole like the story of Joseph. So you can not count on the fortune as life is unstable and inexhaustible”.
Horse mans told the prince that they had an ancient tradition in their city which is when the king dies, they go to the desert and they will choose whomever they saw first as the king. So they announced him as their king; “All these lands and all the people will be under your command”. The prince, who was on the way to China did not talk about his secret and China. He preferred, of course, to continue his journey and reach to his lover, but in order to achieve the goal, he accepted the Imperial Kingdom.
Prince becomes the king of the land of Khāvar
(HH 45,10 à 46,8)
His glory was good and he became king. Everyone listened to his commands and he established justice in that land.
He made his childhood friend Behzād as his minister. He also became king of the surrounding lands. He made a great feast. Everyone loved him and was pleased with the land of justice and peace he had made.
The prince goes to the garden and speaks with flowers about her mistress, Homāyūn
(HH 46,9 à 48,14)
The Prince's heart missed his lover. At dawn, the smell of the ambergris was spread in the air. This smell reminded the prince of the lost paradise and the north wind had brought the smell of his lover. The prince came out of his palace and he went to the green garden and field to have a walk. When he went to the garden and remembered his sweetheart, he started kissing flowers and talking to them and he saw his lover face in the flowers. When he saw the Tulip, he saw his sweetheart in the fire of love. In that garden, the only companion to the prince was the nightingales and the birds. He sometimes read poetry and sometimes cried. No one knew how he was feeling.
Since that day, he had been transformed and he had changed a lot. He could no longer afford his kingdom job. He did not meet anyone except the Chinese messengers who came from Tūrān and he did not ask any more about other kings except Chinese king. He was bored with his kingdom jobs. His style and manner of life had changed and he was just celebrating and enjoying by reminding her mistress with drinking wine and tears.
Banquet of Homāy and Behzād
(HH 48,15 à 51,8)
One night, Prince and Behzād had a great celebration and drank together. It was a long night which seemed the world had said goodbye to the sun. The musicians were playing the harp and Behzād got very drunk among all that beautiful angels and pretty girls, then he went out of the palace to the garden. He became unconscious like a drunken elephant.
Behzād goes to the garden and falls in love with Āzarafrūz
(HH 51,9 à 55)
Prince, when did not find Behzād in the fest, went to the garden and found him drunk beside a cypress tree. Behzād told the Prince to forgive him that he had already blamed the prince for being in love and choosing the wrong way. He said that he fell also in love, falling into the wrong way and craziness. He fell in love with one of the palace’s fairy girls who was like the angels and her name was Āzarafrūz. She was like a flame of fire and her face was like a bright sun. Behzād said that when he saw her almond eyes, he fell into the trap of this almond seed. Behzād said: “I had a calm heart before and my heart was very supportive and wise, then suddenly a sweetheart came and took my heart. Now I understand you now and only the candle knows who the butterfly is. If somebody has not heard from Shīrīn, how can he understand the mountain-digger? The doctor who does not know the pain does not care about the patient. I blamed you and now I'm having the same problem. Because you know my pain, I told you my secret.”
The prince advised him to wait. The one who is captured with beloved is no longer see himself and the only thing that he sees is his lover. Love is not for one who does not see the manifestation of love in his heart. When you leave and pass yourself, you can fall in love and reach the lover. As long as you throw yourself in the fire of love, you see the rose-garden as Abraham did.
Then they returned to the palace.
Šamsa tussles with Āzarafrūz and tells her secret to her
(HH 56 à 60)
Šāvarān-Šāh, The former king of Khāvar land had a very beautiful and tall girl with long black hair and her name was Šamsa. She saw that Āzarafrūz was coming out of the garden with jagged hair and cluttered clothes. She started to blamed her and asked: “where have you been? what are you doing in the garden? it's clear from your smiley face that you were very happy! and you smell like you've been in the middle of gardens and flowers.”
Āzarafrūz said that when she saw Behzād came out from the palace and went to the garden, she chased him. she said: “I followed him and when I was secretly looking at him, I fell in love with him.” Šamsa also talked about her secret after hearing these words. She said that she fell in love with prince Homāy, but these secrets cannot be said. They talked until the morning about their secrets and drank wine.
Fahar-Šāh goes to hunting ground to find prince Homāy
(HH 61 à 63)
One day, when the prince was passing through the desert, he saw someone was coming to him with his horse. When that person arrived at the prince, the king asked him who he was and where he came from. He said: “I come from Šām and I left my country and my land. I became a stranger and I lost my name. I had a king like God, but the destiny took the king from me. I've gone to every country like the wind and I'm looking for him. But it seems he built a house like a phoenix in the skies. He has left to the desert and as I was looking for him like a father looking for his child, I forgot my land and I live in the desert now. I've heard that he has gone to China and he took the wrong path. I went to any country and nothing was with me except my shadow. I was on the way to China but I heard from him in Khāvar land. Look how does my fate take me to this deserts and mountains”. Prince asked: “Why don’t you say your name?”. He said his name is Fahar-Šāh and he is the Manūšang-Šāh's cousin. When the Prince heard this, embraced him and introduced himself. When Fahar-Šāh heard the name, he got very surprised and thanked God and kissed the earth in the honor of the prince. Then they came back to the palace together and they celebrated until the morning and drank wine.
Prince and Fahar-Šāh goes to the garden together and Fahar-Šāh falls in love with Šamsa
(HH 64 à 68,15)
At the time of dawn, when the prince Homāy, Behzād and Fahar-Šāh were walking in the garden, Šamsa came out of her room to the garden. Fahar-Šāh suddenly fell in love with her and greatly praised her and highly defined her beauty and praised her glory. When Šamsa found out that he is in love with her said: “You are who lost your name! Your hand is short and this tree branch is very far from you. You can enjoy this garden by looking, but it’s inaccessible. Just look at this garden like the wind and then leave”. Then she turned to Homāy and praised him and admitted that she had fallen in love with him, but he loves Homāyūn. The prince said: "You are like the heavenly shine, very beautiful and inaccessible to everyone like the moon, But I am in the fire of the Chinese mistress”. He praised her beauty again, but she left the garden very disappointed. When they came back, Fahar-Šāh was so disappointed and sad as well like he was burning from the fire of love.
Prince sees his mistress Homāyūn in his dream and starts his journey to China
(HH 68,16 à 73,10)
When the night came and the prince was sleeping, he saw his lover Homāyūn in his dream. He saw a garden full of hyacinth flowers like heaven. A fairy and beautiful angel was sitting under the shadow of the survey tree. Her face was like the moon and she had narcissus flowers in her hands and she was in golden silk clothes. Suddenly, somebody announced that Faġfūr (King of China) had arrived at the palace. When the prince heard the name of the king and realized that the angel was Homāyūn, he lost himself. He fell to her feet and he expressed his love for her. He praised her and told her that the darkness of her hair came to Šām and made his life like the night and her love is like the fire.
He was praising Homāyūn until she replied: “You are completely free from any kind of kindness and you are just like a great tongue which always praises. How can you talk to me when Šamsa loves you and she has fallen into your trap? If you were a real lover, what was the story with you and her? With the crown of the kingdom and palace, you can not be a real lover and you can’t understand the real meaning of love. The position of love is higher than a kingdom throne. If you are in love, you should leave this royal position”.
When the prince heard this, he got so upset and confused and he woke up in tears. He went out of the palace shouting and shrieking. He took his horse and started his journey to Tūrān land (China). He left the kingdom and ran alone to the desert. His only friend was the sadness and his restless heart. He doubted many times on the way and thought that this sadness is enough and he should come back to Šām until he arrived at a Caravansary.
Homāy arrives at Sa’dān caravansary
(HH 73,11 à 75,12)
The prince was driven to nearby China until he arrived in an early morning to a Caravansary. A caravan of men and women was gathered along a water fountain with an old experienced cameleer man who seemed to be their leader. His origin was Iranian but he was living in China. His name was Sa’dān and he was a merchant. He welcomed the prince and asked his name. Prince responded: “I'm a stranger here and I've come from Šām. My name is “Qeys-Qeysān Šāmi” and I’m going to go to China. My father was a merchant and the bandits killed him. We came here for business but the robbers plundered our caravan on the way. Forty thieves came out of the seawater and looted us. They took everything with them and killed everyone in the caravan. I escaped and this horse brought me here. Tell me what your story is and where did you come from? Why are you residing here and where do you go?”.
The old merchant responded: “I am the special merchant and businessman for the king of China’s daughter. With an Iranian origin and I've seen the whole world. I have seen bad and good, joys and sorrows. We went from Rome go to China. But on the way, there is a golden giant luxurious castle. Zand-Jādū, who is a dangerous witch lives there and closes the way to everyone. If you want, I can accept you as my son. But you must know that you should beware of that ill-wisher wizard”.
The prince, who had not said the truth and his name, kissed and prayed for the old man and said: "I will be your servant. You are my ruler. I do not think of magic and I don’t have anything to do with that”. He took his horse and he turned to the golden castle and prepared himself for combat with the dangerous witch.
Homāy goes to the golden palace to kill Zand-Jādū
(HH 75,13 à 78,13)
The prince moved with a strong will to the golden castle. When he reached the mountain of the golden castle, the black clouds came to the sky and a terrible and giant thunder began in the sky. Out of the slopes of the mountain, an ugly and black doodle came out with a high hill. His teeth were like a boar's teeth. Like a big elephant mounted on a leopard. There was a black dragon in her hand and when she saw the prince, she came to him like the wind. The prince was afraid and shouted and asked for help from God. The prince pulls out his sword and struck the wizard. The wizard also started to do magic and threw stones from the mountain over the prince. The prince jumped and ran away and sat down on the witch's back. Then he cut the hands and the muzzles of the giant with the sword. The magician's magic diminished and the prince ran towards the golden palace. Near the gate of the castle, he saw a great giant lion who was the castle guard. The lion attacked the prince and the prince got unconscious. A voice in his ear said: “This lion is just a talisman and it is not real. Do not be afraid and wake up”. He woke up and saw the castle’s door was opened. The prince entered the castle and went to the top of the tower.
The prince frees Parizād and finds the palace treasure
(HH 78,14 à 84,1)
The prince entered a room which was made from azure rocks with four walls of yellow rubies, colorful like the Chinese temples. He found a pretty girl like a fairy in that room and her feet were closed with a rope and she was imprisoned there. The prince asked her who you are and where you came from and where your race was. She said: “I am the daughter of the former king of China and my name is Parizād. I've been trapped like a bird here. This witch ambushed me at the king's palace in China and stole me from the palace’s garden. She tricked me by hacking me and imprisoned me in the golden palace. who are you and what are you doing here? Do you know where you are and how dangerous is here? How did you get here? It's full of magic here, where even the phoenix closes its wings. Even the most powerful commanders of the war have not survived here. Leave this palace so fast and save yourself and your youth. If that magician finds you, she’ll surely kill you”.
The prince said that he had killed the wizard by his sword and sent her to hell. He asked her about his mistress, Homāyūn. Parizād said: “Be silent, my heart does not handle this pain anymore. We were like two sisters and we were living in China. Our fathers were two brothers. I am the bigger brother daughter who was the former king of China and when he died, the kingdom came to Homāyūn’s father. This story, like Homāyūn’s hair, is long. Someone like me can not afford all that misery and grief. As you are a stranger, how do you know my sister, Homāyūn?”.
The prince explained how he knows Homāyūn and how he saw her in his dream and how he fell in love with her. Parizād said: “Do not be in worry, because your pain remedy is in my hands. If you take my fate back to China and pass me from the desert to the palace of Homāyūn, I will surely bring you to your sweetheart”. The prince freed her and praised her.
They walked a little together in the palace, until they reached the palace of gold. On the porch of the palace, there was a golden tint. A table of gold was on the bed and it was written on it: "You are a great and magnanimous crowner. Now you opened the door of the golden palace and broke its talisman with your wisdom, you can enter the hallway with a ladder next to this corridor and take the great treasure of Keyḫosrow and the door of this treasure will be open only to you. At the end of this tablet, we wish you the victory”.
The prince looked carefully around and found a long and hidden corridor with foundations of marble and its walls were of gold. It has a door of stone and a lock of gold on it. The prince broke the golden lock and entered the hallway and he found a large hall of gold and jewelry at the end of the hall. The room was filled with jewels, gold, diamonds, ruby , and necklaces of gold bars all over the place. The prince brought a few jewels for Parizād from that room. He mounted her on the horse and walked toward the caravan. They were very happy. One was pleased with freedom and the other one was feeling like Suleyman far from his hoopoe. One was like an angel far from heaven and the other was in the favor of his mistress.
They were pleased to come to the caravan and they celebrated. The prince told the caravan that there is a tremendous treasure waiting for them in the golden palace and said that this treasure takes all the pain and sorrows out of our mind.
The caravan quickly went up to the top of the mountain and the palace. In every corner of the palace they found treasure and in each treasure, they found another treasure. When the treasure was found in the underground, they forgot about the treasure of Qārūn. They carried jewels on thousand and two hundred camels and drove all diamonds and rubies with two hundred mules. The caravan with all the treasures started their journey to China and entered the desert.
Homāy and Sa’dān bring Parizād to China
(HH 84,2 à 86,14)
When the caravan arrived in China, one of the soldiers brought the news of Parizād’s return to the king. Destiny had returned Parizād, who was trapped in the hands of evil. All the Chinese people were happy about this return and celebrated. Parizād went to Homāyūn and told him the story of the courage and power of the prince Homāy.
Parizād explains her past situation and conditions then talks about Homāy with Homāyūn
(HH 86,15 à 90)
Homāyūn asked Parizād that what had happened to her and she responded: “One night, the wizard had ambushed me and captured me. She took me to the golden palace and put me in a prison. I was very disappointed until the day that blissful eagle came. He saved me like a phoenix who came on the roof of the palace. He saved me and returned me here like a nightingale who was returned to the garden. He is young like a cypress tree and he drives his horse fast like the wind. No man is like him and he has the attributes of all the kings together. But with all this, he has loved you and searched all the countries for you. He has knocked on all the doors to find you. So please don’t break his heart and accept his love”.
Parizād’s words influenced her. Homāyūn already knew the story but he did not say anything about that and answered: “You are so kind but do not talk about this again. Take the way which wisdom shows and decide with your head and not with your heart. You trust people especially strangers very quickly and it’s dangerous. let’s celebrate tonight and do not think about anything else”. They celebrated until the morning, drank wine and talked about the life.
Prince goes to Faġfūr court to see Homāyūn
(HH 91 à 96,7)
In the morning, the prince went to the Chinese king palace, the mansion that had stretched out into the sky. He reached the porch of King of China where so many servicemen were working. Prince kissed the land as a sign of respect and praised the king. He gave many gifts to the king, including gold and silver coins, turquoise, ruby , and diamonds. The king, soldiers, and companions, all stared at treasures and jewels surprisingly. The prince kissed the king’s hand then the king asked the merchant that who this young man was?
Merchant explained that when they were on the way, they became acquainted with this young man, then described the story of Parizād’s salvation. The king encouraged the prince and then they drank the wine together. At night, when the celebration ended, the prince came out of the palace. Suddenly, at the moment of departure, he saw the king's daughter on the porch of the palace. She was like a paradise idol. Her face was shining like a moon and she had arched eyebrows. Homāy recognized her and lost himself. He became unconscious and woke up in an hour but she was no longer on the porch.
Homāy falls in love with Homāyūn
(HH 96,8 à 99,7)
When the prince was on the king's porch, one of the servants of the king’s daughter had informed her that Homāy had been a guest of Shah. So Homāyūn and Parizād went to the king’s palace and they sat among others quietly. Then he looked steadily over the porch and the people at the party. Homāyūn had fallen in love with him when she saw the prince. Then she told Parizard: “Be careful not to notice anyone. What deceiver you are! how did you bring me to this? it’s like you thrown me into the fire and you burned me and you led all this. What should I do now that I am captured by this prince's hands?”.
Parizād responded: “Oh fairy face. He is also in love with you. He does not think about anything but you. Let's drink wine together and have fun and celebrate”.
Homāy talks to candle about his mistress sadly
(HH 99,8 à 102)
On the other hand, the prince was sitting next to the candle. He was very ardent and talked with a candle and said about his pain. He said to the candle: "I'm exactly like you. If I don’t burn, I will die and I will not be alive anymore. we are both vigilant during the night. You are the only friend of loneliness”.
Homāy returns to Faġfūr and Homāyūn court
(HH 103 à 106,3)
When the morning arrived, a servant came and told the prince that the king wanted to go outside of China to hunt. He has also invited prince to be with him. When the prince came to the palace and walked to the porch of the king, it was crowded and overwhelming. From every side, the beauties of the palace came to accompany the king to be near to him. Among the crowds, the prince suddenly saw his lover, Homāyūn. Prince's heart crashed like a pigeon's heart. Prince was agitated of her love when he saw her. When the caravan was preparing to move, the prince asked one of the servants where they would go. The maid replied: "The king's daughter has a garden in a beautiful mansion like heaven and we are going there for some days for hunting and celebrations. This garden will be like the paradise in the spring. We will stay there for two weeks, and then we will move to another place.”
The prince accompanied the king on this trip with respect.
Faġfūr and Homāy go for hunting, Homāy escapes and returns to Homāyūn court then kills the guard
(HH 106,4 à 109)
When they arrived, they hunted for a while and on the day which they wanted to change their place, the prince went to the king and said: “I have abdominal pain and I'm not feeling well so I can not come with you and I have to stay here and rest”. The king accepted and the prince stayed there. When the king’s caravan left the palace and the Shah's army reached to the new town to settle down, the prince climbed up from the palace’s wall with a rope and reached to the porch of Homāyūn’s room. When he arrived at the porch, there was a guard over there and he was playing an instrument. The prince was involved with him and killed him then he took his instrument.
Prince plays music and sings for Homāyūn
(HH 110 à 112,13)
Prince began to play a sad song which attracted everyone's attention. The prince sang a romantic and sad song about his lover and the magic of love.
Homāy goes inside the Homāyūn palace and passes time in pleasure
(HH 112,14 à 116,5)
When the inhabitants of the palace and the garden’s drunken fairies heard him, they amazed and they became anesthetized from the passion of his love. Houmayoun, who was effected by his music as well, told herself: “why this guard is singing the romance and sadness tonight. Perhaps he is also in love and ardent with the pain of love and his heart is trapped like me”. Everyone gave a comment. Someone said that the nightingales sing sadly at the time of Dawn. One said: "This is a dawn bird that sings sad” and the other said: "He is drunk and he finished his wine and he is sad now.” When the Prince's song came to an end, he walked somewhere on the roof and looked at seraglio inside of the palace from a hole. He saw a paradise with many beautiful angels drinking and talking. All the girls were like fairies with angel shapes. He also saw Homāyūn and she was telling them a secret about the prince and how she was trapped in his love and how much she was wishing him to be there.
When the prince heard her, he shouted at the top of the roof and showed himself then said: “I am here and I'm at your service”. When Homāyūn saw her mistress and savor, her tired heart calmed down and healed. She saw the prince like a moon on the roof. Like a phoenix sitting on the porch. Like a nightmare, who was trapped and made her fall into love. She said to Prizad: “You troublemaker! Go bring him in”. When the prince came in, he embraced his lover and kissed her and stroked her hair with his fingers. They celebrated until the morning and drank wine.
Homāy comes out of the Homāyūn’s palace, kills the old gardener and gets captured in prison by Faġfūr
(HH 116,6 à 118,8)
When the morning got over, the prince came out of the palace and walked through the garden, but a gardener stopped him. The angry gardener shouted at him and asked: “What were you doing in the palace? I saw you coming out of the palace. No one has allowed entering this palace except the king's daughter. Now I take you to the king and if you resist, I will force you”.
The prince got very angry and he shouted like a lion and he took his sword and cut the gardener's head. Then, very sad and crying, he escaped to the desert. How he could go and see the king again and what did he do? No one would support him about what he did. Meanwhile, when he was worried about everything and were walking in the desert, he saw the king’s troops and horses were coming close to him. When he saw the king, he saluted and kissed the ground as the respect.
One of the companions of the king talked in his ears and told him the story of the gardener and the guard and the story of king's daughter. When the king heard these words, he got very angry and ordered to arrest the prince. They threw a rope over the prince's neck and forced him to walk on the sands and stones and took him to the golden palace. Then they imprisoned him there and then they came back to China.
Homāy whines in prison
(HH 118,9 à 121)
When the prince was caught, he cried out of his hidden pain and his dark destiny. He was tired of his youth and life. That night passed on him like a black dragon, but he was waiting for the morning and hoping to get free.
Samanroḫ frees Homāy from prison, Homāy returns to the Homāyūn’s palace
(HH 122 à 124)
When it was midnight, a beautiful drunken girl came secretly into the prison, with a candle in her hand. She quickly opened the Prince's hands and saluted him and made him free. The prince, like Joseph, came out of the darkness. Prince asked: “who are you? are you an angel or a human?”. That girl replied with praise for the prince: “In this castle, there is a very powerful and majestic king who has a very big army. His origin is from Afrāsyāb. His name is Soheyl-Jahānsūz. He gets taxes from other kings, but he gives tax to the king of China. My name is Samanroḫ and I am his daughter. I was in love with you for a while. You were trapped here by the king and I was trapped by you. Your foot was strapped and my heart too. You won’t love me, because you are in love with Homāyūn. But now, my luck is more than hers. I know that you won’t stay with me and you can not find anyone like Homāyūn as well. But you can be with me just for three days because my father went hunting for a week and we have time for three days now. If you want, you can be with me now and you shouldn’t be worried about after that”. Then she gave him food and wine. They spend three days and nights together and they made love. One was drunk from love and the other was happy to be free. After three days, she gave him a complete set of guns and a fast horse. She embraced him, kissed him sadly, wished the best for him and said goodbye. Then the prince came back to China and Homāyūn palace with tearful eyes.
Homāy and Homāyūn dialogs
(HH 125 à 137,2)
The prince arrived at his mistress's palace at night. He climbed the six floors up with a rope to reach her porch and called her. Homāyūn heard his voice and his praises but she didn’t believe this until she saw him.
She answered: “Go and don’t talk to me anymore. Go with your lover whom you was with until now. You can not have so many lovers like this. You disgraced my name and affronted me. Go with your lover who is exactly in your level. I acted like crazy and you made me disgraced in front of everyone. I was thinking you were in prison and I was so sad for you and you trapped me here, but you were making love with your special lover over there”.
Homāy praised her and responded: “I am just like some dusts on your way. I am really in love with you so don’t talk to me cruelly because you are the only cure for my pains of love with you. If you even kill me or cut my head, I won’t stop to love you”.
Homāyūn responded: “You are just a flatterer and toady person, who plays with beautiful words. At first, it was Šamsa then Āzarafrūz and now it’s Samanroḫ who is in love with you. Why I even started this game with you and didn’t understand. You deceived me with your nice words as well and made me in love with you. The only thing you gave me was debacle and dishonor. I was like a calm and alone bird which was singing in her garden on her tree. I had my own rose-garden and flowers and I had a nest in my paradise. I was jumping like a gazelle and flying like a colorful parrot in my garden. Sometimes I was drunk with my narcissus smell and I was talking with my tulips every day and singing like nightingale. But now, the result of being with you is nothing. Go away because the only way for me now is patience and loneliness”.
Homāy responded sadly: “You are my broken cypress now and I am so sorry to make you sad”. He continued with praising her and talking about her beauty and he swore to her face which was like the moon and her lips which was like sugar, that he won’t make her sad again and at the end, he wanted to sacrifice his life for her.
Homāyūn answered: “You are transient like the life. You are unruly and mutinous”.
Homāy returns from the Homāyūn palace talks to the clouds and sky
(HH 137,3 à 141,2)
Prince left and went to the desert very sad and hopeless. Like a lost person without any home or land and there was not any light and hope on his way and he felts so far from his love.
Prince started to talk to clouds and asked that why they were always dark for him and why his destiny was black. he was feeling nothing but a shadow who was dropped in a giant thunder in the middle of the ocean. He complained: “Why sometimes, you are sonorous with your thunders and sometimes you make an ocean with my tears. My foot is in my tears just because of this dark destiny. You always put me in the snow and thunder but for now, please stop! Sadness and awkwardness and discomfort is enough for me. I can’t pass all of these. You passed the limit on me”. He continued to talk and he was riding on his horse so fast and crying. When the sun came, the sky became blue and sharp and all the rainy clouds and darkness left. The nightingales started singing and prince arrived at a fountain and he saw a big grassland. He came down from the horse and moved into the grove and washed his bloody eyes with the water. He was still thinking about his lover.
Homāyūn regrets her words and goes after Homāy
(HH 141,3 à 143,6)
After a while, Homāyūn missed the prince and felt she is still in love with him. She thought that she acted so heartless and she passed the limit with the prince. She cried and thought she was so shameless and unkind. She put a mask on her face to be anonymous and took her horse and passed the desert like the wind to find the prince. She asked for the prince in every stop and was searching for him so tearful. In every fountain that she washed her tearful eyes, anemone flowers were growing instantly. But the destiny guided her to the prince and she saw his horse near the fountain. Prince's eyes were bloody and his clothes were wet from tears.
Homāy and Homāyūn dialogs and their struggle
(HH 143,7 à 148,12)
She shouted at him and asked: “Who you are and what is your name and where did you come from, what do you do here?”
Prince who didn’t recognize her responded: “I have lost my name and I am asking for my wishes from God”. He explained that he was in love with Homāyūn”. She said: “You won’t see Homāyūn even in your dreams. I will catch you now then bring you to the king”. The prince got so angry and started to fight with her. He shouted out and took out his sword. Homāyūn also threw him from the horse with a strap. The prince got up and cut the strap and he threw her down with his shield and wanted to cut off her head. Finally, Homāyūn grabbed her mask and showed her face. She said: “ When you do this to Homāyūn, what will you do with others!”.
When the prince saw her face, screamed and shocked but he forgot all of his pains. He fell to the ground and became unconscious. Homāyūn cried hard and screamed until he became conscious from her tears on his face when they embraced and kissed each other.
Fahar-Šāh and Behzād reach Homāy and Homāyūn with the division
(HH 148,13 à 153,11)
Suddenly the sound of the horse riders from the distance rocked the mountain. Prince got so worried and sad because he was thinking that they are Chinese troops. He started to blame the destiny again but when he looked better, he saw his friends, Behzād and Fahar-Šāh with glory and crowns on their heads. They were coming from Khāvar land to China. Prince was very happy to see them and when they came closer, it was revealed that his name was written on the flags. The commanders of the army were so pleased and happy to see their king and they got off the horses and kissed his foot because they were searching to find him for a long time and they found him. They put the Prince in the Golden kingdom throne and they brought another throne for Homāyūn as well. Homāyūn was so happy and drinking wine. Everybody started singing and dancing, then they moved to the mountains.
Here the poet speaks of destiny and life: “Do not ask your wishes from destiny. Because it’s moving and going up and down. Sometimes life is cheered and sometimes is bite. When you know this about the life, the best way is enjoying the life and live in the moments and not losing any time to be happy”.
Homāy writes a letter to Faġfūr
(HH 153,12 à 158,16)
The next morning, the prince went to Homāyūn and praised her with love. Then he asked his secretary to write a letter to the king of China. They wrote a letter with black musk on silk. After praising the king they wrote: “I am your servant and obedient. The king must know that I am in love with your daughter for a long time and I have a pure passion for her in my heart. You should not be ashamed of me. I am Homāy, the son of Manūšang-Šāh and I am a prince and I have a kingdom. I sat on your palace roof, like a phoenix. So please don’t hit the rock to my love. Destiny made me a world explorer and traveler. The darkness of the life made me sick and sad. Don’t be angry at me because the life destiny brought me to your daughter. I will sacrifice my life for you. In your house, there is a love flower that traps me and has a secret with me and for now, this flower is in my garden and she is like a candle on my porch. You must listen to my words and accept me among your servants. I am the one who went to the golden castle and saved Parizād. I brought the treasure of Keyḫosrow from the palace and brought all the jewels to China for you and gave them to you as gifts. What did I do that you put me in prison? But God helped me to be free and I succeeded. Now that I have reached my goal, I suggest that Iran and Tūrān be merged together and in happiness and grief, they share everything in victory and failure. You will be the king of all lands and I will be your maid and Manūšang-Šāh will be your brother too. You command me and I will obey you. When the two iron will be together, they will be stronger and they will not bend because I also have a powerful sword like you”. At the end of the letter, prince praised the king of China and finished the letter with respect and sent the letter to China with a fast goshawks messenger.
Faġfūr responses to Homāy letter in a cagily way
(HH 158,17 à 163,7)
The goshawks with letter flew to the king’s Palace and sat on the roof. When the king’s servants read the letter to the king of China, he became so angry but he didn’t show that and hid his anger. He ordered a silk and wrote the answer with musk and rosewater and started with the name of God. He wrote: “Dear prince, you are still so young and anyone who accelerates in life will not get anything. When we want to remove gem and diamond from the mountain, we have to dig it with patient, stone by stone. If you act like young and in a hurry, you will be tired and you will not be able to continue. The kingdom and royal jobs are very serious and dangerous. You think China is small. Fate can change everything in a month. You kept my daughter in your army. But if you behave nice to her, she will be like your nurse and she will take care of you. I suggest you that if you send her with the golden king's throne to China and the golden castle, I will send her back to you after in a month. If you give us a month, we will have time to plan a wedding. You are my groom now and my kingdom throne and my power are all yours. At all, I think it would be a big mistake if my daughter wants to marry someone else and not you. Forgive us that we didn’t know who you really are and we didn’t know that you are a prince. I have no desire but to have a groom from the Manūšang-Šāh generation and now I am happy to find you. You sat like a phoenix on my roof and you came here from Šām. But the prince like you should not hurry and make it difficult for other kings. So far, China has not attacked any country and has not plundered any city. The religious kings do not rob the princes. Having a girl is so hard especially for a king and you do not know what will be behind me and what others will say behind me. In this way, they will say that I couldn’t bring my stolen the girl and the result of my life back! In short, I invite you to come here as well”.
They send the letter to Homāy and he was shocked by reading that. He did not know if this is tricky or not and did not understand what the king really was thinking. He went to Behzād for advice and asked him his idea. Behzād told him that his experiences tell him that life every day has a new story. If a dragon (Chinese symbol) gave you a gift, do not rely on him because it will hurt you at the end. I do not think that you should trust him now. The prince said: ”What are you talking about? Reconciliation and friendship are better and higher than war. Do not worry and do not think about this anymore. Let's go to the garden and drink together”.
Homāy brings Homāyūn to China
(HH 163,8 à 166,10)
Prince and Homāyūn sat on the golden throne and started their trip to China with their countless troops. When they arrived, the king had come out of town and was waiting for them. He welcomed them with pleasure and brought the prince to the king's porch with his pleasure. Homāyūn was brought to the roof with the golden throne of the kingdom as well. All the beauties, servants and soldiers were watching. The king came to the prince and invited him to drink wine and talk. Musicians began to play music to celebrate and servants brought the best wines for the king and Homāy.
Homāy goes to Homāyūn’s palace but can’t find her
(HH 166,11 à 170,1)
After a while, the prince started to think about Homāyūn and missing her and he felt the smell of his sweetheart from the wind. He, who was drunk, came out of the porch and went to the palace of Homāyūn. When he arrived at the palace, he was looking for her. Walking around her harem for a long time, he searched there until the morning. When the morning came, he climbed up to the roof with a rope. He climbed into her room, but he did not find her there. But the wind was still bringing the smell of her.
Homāy send his message to Homāyūn by Sabā wind
(HH 170,2 à 174,6)
The prince, who was ardent and hopeless, began to talk with the wind and said: “You are the wind that opens the buds and who brings the spring. You are the cure for my broken heart and you have my sweetheart perfume with you. It’s just because of you that the lawns are green and wear the narcissus dress. You are my only friend and you are the only one who can pass her port and her porch. Please go to her room and stay there instead of me. When you see her beautiful face, please remember my cursed and sad face as well. Just be careful and be warm when you go to her. please do not let her get cold or don’t let the dust come to her from your coming. Slowly enter her room and clean your clothes from the dirt of the way before you enter, and be pure like the spring when you go there. Kiss the doorway and kiss the dust of her way. When you reach her, do not touch her hair at first. watch out, because she may capture you with her beauty and trap you with her strap like she did it to me. Be careful about her deceptive cunning. Be calm and nice, then tell her my story to her and tell her about my pains and love. If she once told you to go away, do not go away with one time hint. Say to her: You are my heavenly face and I hope your spring will be far from the autumn wind and your light will be far from the wind. I hope you do not miss me and your feet are not in your tears like me. Please open your heart and accept me. Do not go away from your lover city and remember your friend. In the darkness of the nights, please send me a sign from yourself”.
Faġfūr hides Homāyūn in underground and announces her death
(HH 174,7 à 176)
On the other hand, when the king returned to the palace, he told his minister that he had some private words with him. He said: "You are an old man who is full of experience and saw the world. You are like my father too. In every word, you kept all the secrets and you were always beside me to help me. You've been my companion everywhere. I need your help now so much and I hope you save me from this abyss. Look at our fate that this little and anonymous boy wants to marry my daughter. Who is really this son of Manūšang-Šāh who has fallen into our destiny! Look at my black fate daughter and my dark fortune. Her mother should wear a black dress because of her fate. I am very angry and sad for her. I want you to take my daughter to your house and keep her somewhere safe under the ground, like a treasure. Make a small place in the stone for her and hold her like the gold in the heart of rock. Like an angel, hide her from the people eyes”.
The minister accepted his order and he went to Homāyūn’s palace and found her so drunk over there. He took her to his house and hide her in the underground like a treasure as the king asked. He concealed her like a moon under the clouds and Joseph in the borehole and well.
[...]
- Arbeit zitieren
- Meghdad Shamsolvaezin (Autor:in), 2019, "Homay o Homayun" by Kaju Kermani. Thematic Roots and Literary Backgrounds, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/470062
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