Diabetes mellitus is a clinical metabolic syndrome, which has been resulted from the malfunction or insufficiency of insulin production. Diabetes is the major threat to the people in developing and developed country. Prolonged diabetic condition can affect organs and synthetic drug if consumed by the patient can cause side-effects and impaired immune system. The synthetic medicine used for the treatment of diabetes is usually costlier, create side-effects and do not ensure complete recovery from the disorder but on the other hand, medicinal plants create a great impact in the human immune system.
The medicinal plant produces a variety of chemical substances which shows significant therapeutic properties. This study highlights the potential anti-diabetic significance and phytochemical activity of different varieties Piper nigrum (Black pepper) and different strategies used for the assessment of these activities. The piperaceae family consist of 12 genera and more than 1400 species and is one of the largest families and widely distributed across the tropical and sub-tropical regions and over the high ranges of Andes and Sub Himalayas. Piper species naturally have multi-dimensional affect on various parts of the body often mentioned as antipyretic, diuretic, aphrodisiac, immune- stimulant and antioxidant, hepatoprotective, digestive, antiseptic and anti-diabetic. Phytochemical analysis of Methanol and Petroleum -ether extracts was carried out and different plant parts were collected from different districts across Kerala.
Phytochemical which is identified from Piper nigrum present an exciting opportunity for the development of new type of therapeutics for diabetes mellitus. Some anti-diabetic plants exert their action by stimulating the function or number of beta cells and thus increasing insulin production with least side effects. Further investigations are required and more attention should be drawn to explore the biological activity of hundreds of traditionally used plants. Both in-vivo and in-vitro assessment is necessary for the assessment of anti-diabetic properties from the natural resources.
Table of Contents
- Abstract
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Objectives
- 1.2 Scope of the study
- 1.3 Taxonomical classification: Piper nigrum
- 1.4 Taxonomical classification: Piper betle Linn.
- 1.5 Taxonomical classification: Piper longeum Linn
- 2. Review of literature
- 2.1 Uses and importance
- 3. Hypothesis
- 4. Materials and Methods
- 4.1 Study area
- 4.2 Sample collection and processing
- 4.3 Experiment design
- 4.4 Phytochemical screening
- 4.5 Determination of the changes in glucose level (Anthrone method)
- 4.6 Determination of the changes in glucose level (Benedicts test)
- 4.7 Statistical analysis
- 5. Results and discussion
- 5.1 Phytochemical screening
- 5.2 Glucose reduction tests
Objectives and Key Themes
This study investigates the anti-diabetic potential and phytochemical composition of various Piper species, including different varieties of black pepper (Piper nigrum), betel leaf (Piper betle), and long pepper (Piper longum). The research aims to compare the phytochemical profiles and glucose-reducing activities of different plant parts (fruit, leaf, and spike) using methanol and petroleum ether extracts.
- Comparative phytochemical analysis of Piper species
- Assessment of anti-diabetic activity using glucose reduction tests
- Correlation between phytochemical composition and anti-diabetic potential
- Exploration of the potential of Piper species as natural remedies for diabetes
- Comparison of the efficacy of different plant parts and solvents
Chapter Summaries
1. Introduction: This chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to the Piperaceae family, focusing on the genus Piper and its economically important species, including Piper nigrum (black pepper), Piper betle (betel leaf), and Piper longum (long pepper). It details the morphological characteristics of these plants, their geographical distribution, and their historical and traditional uses in medicine. The chapter also highlights the significance of exploring these plants for their potential anti-diabetic properties, contrasting the advantages of natural remedies with the drawbacks of synthetic drugs. The objectives and scope of the study are clearly defined.
2. Review of literature: This section examines existing literature on the phytochemical composition and biological activities of the selected Piper species. It discusses the variability within Piper nigrum cultivars and emphasizes the importance of medicinal plants in global healthcare. The review also provides background on diabetes mellitus, its classification, complications, and the growing interest in exploring natural remedies for its management. The role of specific phytochemicals in glucose regulation is touched upon.
4. Materials and Methods: This chapter meticulously details the methodology employed in the study. It describes the study area (Kerala, India), the selection of pepper varieties and collection methods, and the sample processing procedures. The experimental design, including the use of different solvents (methanol and petroleum ether) and concentrations, is clearly explained. The chapter also outlines the various phytochemical screening tests performed and the methods used to assess glucose reduction (anthrone and Benedict's tests). Finally, the statistical analysis methods are presented.
5. Results and discussion: This chapter presents the findings of the phytochemical analysis and glucose reduction tests. The results are presented systematically, detailing the phytochemical composition of different plant parts using different solvents. The discussion section analyzes the results, comparing the phytochemical profiles and their correlations with the observed glucose reduction activities. The findings are interpreted in the context of existing literature, including the potential mechanisms by which the identified phytochemicals might exert their anti-diabetic effects. The chapter highlights the effectiveness of different plant parts and solvents in reducing glucose levels.
Keywords
Anti-diabetic, Piper nigrum, Piper betle, Piper longum, Phytochemical analysis, Glucose reduction, Methanol extract, Petroleum ether extract, Piperine, Flavonoids, Traditional medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Antioxidant.
Frequently Asked Questions: A Comprehensive Language Preview of Piper Species
What is the main topic of this study?
This study investigates the anti-diabetic potential and phytochemical composition of various Piper species, including black pepper (Piper nigrum), betel leaf (Piper betle), and long pepper (Piper longum). It aims to compare the phytochemical profiles and glucose-reducing activities of different plant parts (fruit, leaf, and spike) using methanol and petroleum ether extracts.
What are the key objectives of this research?
The key objectives include a comparative phytochemical analysis of Piper species, assessment of anti-diabetic activity using glucose reduction tests, correlation between phytochemical composition and anti-diabetic potential, exploration of Piper species as natural remedies for diabetes, and comparison of the efficacy of different plant parts and solvents.
Which Piper species are included in this study?
The study focuses on three Piper species: Piper nigrum (black pepper), Piper betle (betel leaf), and Piper longum (long pepper).
What methods were used to analyze the plants?
The study employed various methods, including sample collection and processing from Kerala, India, phytochemical screening tests, glucose reduction tests (Anthrone and Benedict's methods), and statistical analysis. Methanol and petroleum ether were used as solvents for extraction.
What specific plant parts were analyzed?
The research analyzed different plant parts, including fruits, leaves, and spikes, from the selected Piper species.
What types of phytochemicals were investigated?
While the specific phytochemicals identified are detailed in the results section, the study broadly looked for a range of compounds including Piperine and Flavonoids, among others.
What were the main findings of the study regarding anti-diabetic activity?
The results section details the glucose reduction activities of the different extracts. The discussion section analyzes the correlation between specific phytochemicals and the observed anti-diabetic effects. The efficacy of different plant parts and solvents in reducing glucose levels is highlighted.
What are the implications of this research?
This research explores the potential of Piper species as natural remedies for diabetes, offering a comparison with synthetic drugs. The findings could contribute to the development of new, natural treatments for diabetes management.
Where can I find a detailed description of the methodology?
The "Materials and Methods" chapter provides a comprehensive description of the study area, sample collection and processing, experimental design, phytochemical screening, glucose reduction tests (Anthrone and Benedict's methods), and statistical analysis used in this research.
What are the key keywords associated with this study?
Key keywords include: Anti-diabetic, Piper nigrum, Piper betle, Piper longum, Phytochemical analysis, Glucose reduction, Methanol extract, Petroleum ether extract, Piperine, Flavonoids, Traditional medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Antioxidant.
- Citar trabajo
- Dr. Prem Jose Vazhacharickal (Autor), Sajeshkumar N.K (Autor), Jiby John Mathew (Autor), Annie Babu (Autor), 2017, Phytochemical and anti-diabetic activities of different plant part extracts among black pepper (Piper nigrum) varieties in comparison with Piper longum and Piper betel, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/370191
