Recent advances in the internet and connectivity have confident the society and definition of at variance IEEE 802.11 chain of standards, one as IEEE802.11a, b, g, n, and ac. Each of the standards is equipped by all of capabilities and features that suit the type of applications the human is directed for. This paper provides a comparative study on these standards from the aspects of introduction, evolution, implementation, engaged conditions, and forever and a day of the IEEE 802.11a, b, g, n, and ac standards. This study besides provide a subject of benefits and limitations of these standards.
A Comparison between WLAN (IEEE 802.11a, b, g, n and ac) Standards
Prashant Pathak
Galgotias University, School Of Electronics And Communication Engineering, Greater Noida 201308 prashantpathak1137@gmail.com
Abstract - Recent advances in the internet and connectivity have confident the society and definition of at variance IEEE 802.11 chain of standards, one as IEEE802.11a, b, g, n, and ac. Each of the standards is equipped by all of capabilities and features that suit the type of applications the human is directed for. This paper provides a comparative study on these standards from the aspects of introduction, evolution, implementation, engaged conditions, and forever and a day of the IEEE 802.11a, b, g, n, and ac standards. This study besides provide a subject of benefits and limitations of these standards.
Keywords: IEEE802.11, Networking, communications, Wi-Fi, LAN
The wireless broadband advancements were created with the target of giving benefits simply like those provided by, on the wireline systems. Cell arranges now give bolster for top transmission capacity information exchange for various versatile clients all the while. In perspective of this, moreover, they give versatility support to voice correspondence. Remote information systems might be isolated into a few sorts depending with their region of scope. The IEEE802.11 standard was released all IEEE (LAN/MAN) human conclave on June 1997. Since formerly multiple upgrades have been declared to beat up by the whole of advancements in the technologies mentioned earlier. In this handout, a comparative design of the IEEE802.11a, b, g, n, and ac standards will be presented to what place each standard features is discussed individually [1]. The free of cost will have a unassailable section that compares these standards and large benefits and limitation of each standard
II. Details of IEEE 802.11 Various Standards
The IEEE802.11 has multiple set of standards for numerous in operation frequency, and ranges specification. The initial was IEEE802.11 original normal that was outlined 1997 and processed 1999. Some of these recent standards area unit currently obsolete, and some area unit still active. One would be interested in investigating in details the on the market normal to work out a appropriate standard for the meant application of the local area network. [2]
(1) IEEE802.11a- The first extension scheme, IEEE 802.11a was presented in September1997. It included an OFDM Frequency Division Multiplexing) PHY rate that supports speeds up to 54 Mbps. Connection with plain 802.14 devices is impossible, as 802. 11a conducted in the 5 GHz strap. This GHz band 802. 11g, which carried the features of OFDM to the 2.4 deficiency of interoperability, required to the formation of The (2) IEEE802.11 has declared publicly endless fit of standards for contrasting hired frequency, and ranges specification. The sooner liberate was IEEE802.11 different hand operated preserve that was marked 1997 and clarified 1999. Some of these no spring chicken standards are in a New York minute dated, and several are further active. One would be caught in investigating in curriculum the at hand standards to show a sufficient standard for the coming research of the WLAN network.
(2) IEEE802.11b- IEEE 802.11b common expands the normal IEEE 802.11 with Direct Sequence unfold Spectrum (DHSS) to function up to 11 Mbps knowledge fee in the 2.4-GHz unlicensed spectrum using complementary code keying (CCK) modulation procedure. On up to three non- overlapping channels, the 4 knowledge charges of 1, 2, 5.5, and 11 Mbps are specified and the lowest two rates are also accredited on up to thirteen overlapping channels. The primary obstacle of the IEEE 802.11b ordinary is frequency band turning out to be usual and interference from the other networking technology reminiscent of cordless mobile phone Bluetooth and so on. The receiver. Factor communicates via a mobile consumers placed inside range of the entry factor and inside direct line-of-sight. Common range will depend on the output power, a factor-to multipoint configuration, in which audio frequency atmosphere, and sensitivity of The IEEE802.11b is employed to.
(3)IEEE 802.11g - Extends the bodily layer of IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks with data premiums as much as 54Mbps utilizing the same frequency band as IEEE 802.11b. This extension presents backwards compatibility with the IEEE when deploying IEEE 802.Eleven Wi-Fi networks. Despite the fact that overall throughput of the network to deploy mixed IEEE approved IEEE 802.11b extension, it's going to cut back the backwards compatibility for the IEEE 802.11b.That is due to the legacy overhead of the IEEE 802.11g is backwards compatible with the beforehand IEEE 802.11 The standard 802.11g was ratified in 2003 as an IEEE standard for Wi-Fi wireless networking supports.. This standard uses the OFDM or DSSS modulation schemes. This standard maintain the SISO antenna technologies, and its indoor/outdoor range are from 38m to 140m respectively.[4]
(4) IEEE 802.11n - The 802.11n standard was ratified in 2009 and it utilizes infinite wireless antennas in tandem to transmit and receive data . The IEEE802.11n human employs OFDM modulation technique. The antenna technology used with the IEEE802.11n standard is supported as Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO). This technology involves the flexibility of 802.11n and similar technologies to coordinate multiple simultaneous radio signals. The MIMO increases both the chain and throughput of a receiver network. . The IEEE802.11n indoor/outdoor ranges are 75m, and250m respectively.[5]
(5) IEEE 802.11n is an modification to the IEEE 802.11 common and proposes enhancements for larger for greater throughput making use of MIMO-OFDM. IEEE802.11n brings many new facts to deliver the efficiency good points. It uses the more than one-input-more than one- output (MIMO) technology that makes it possible for spatial variety and spatial multiplexing for respectively growing the range and information transmission cost. In addition, 802.11n permits use of wider 40 MHz channels to double the bandwidth as compared to the legacy 20 MHz operation. The extension channel (40 MHz) can be used if the existing site visitors load on an IEEE802.11n network can't be carried within the 20MHz channel. 802.11n uses body aggregation and block acknowledgements for making improvements to the throughput effectively. [3] The max bodily layer bit fee workable in IEEE 802.11n is 300Mbits/s/channel utilizing 2 spatial streams on a 40MHz channel. Spatial range is performed by using utilizing multiple antennas. The specification allows up to 4 spatial knowledge streams which will implement area Time Block Code (STBC) schemes as IEEE 802.11n makes use of a extra efficient OFDM modulation. This more than doubles the information expense for802.11n when compared to 20 MHz channels. When This permits 802.11n to give a sixty five Mbps information cost slices the channel into 52 subcarriers (48 of that are operating inside a traditional 20 MHz channel, OFDM applies OFDM on a forty MHz channel, the quantity of information-carrying subcarriers raises to 114 subcarriers used for carrying information).
(6) IEEE 802.11ac The moment wave of 802.11ac will add ultimately wider channels, four- stream sponsor, and beam forming. Although ugh there is a magnetism to focus o n the accent rates only, beam forming has the strength to issue significant gains in network capability by recovering the disclosure rates at which roughly clients transmit. Not generally told transmissions come out at the fastest worth, so the beam forming help can be subs tactical if it increases the data rates used by clients [7]
(A) Features of IEEE 802.11ac
(a) Beam forming : This enhancement enables APs and devices to state sextuple antennas to forge signals so they are convergent toward the location of a adjoining guest. The framework enables higher data value calculation over longer distances
(b) Modulation: Beam forming also enables developed signal modulation in 802.11ac, rising to 256-QAM from 64-QAM usable under 802.11n. QAM, short for Quadrature amplitude modulation defines the wares of bits that can be embedded in a modulation. The cultivation to 256-QAM promises a one-third growth in cloth throughput over 802.11n.
(c) MU-Mimo With802.11n, a device can transmit multiple spatial streams at once, but only directed to a single address. For individually addressed frames, this means that only a single device(or user) gets data at a time .We call this single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) With the advent of 802.11ac, a new technology is defined ,called multi user MIMO (MU-MIMO) Here an AP is able to use its antenna resources to transmit multiple frames to different clients at the same time and over the same frequency spectrum .If 802.11n is like a hub , 802.11ac can be though to fast a wireless switch (on the downlink). However, MU-MIMO is a challenging technology to implement correctly and won’t be available in the first wave of AP products.[8]
(d) 80 MHz Bandwidth- Clean spectrum is prescribed to allocate contiguous 80 MHz blocks, and even with Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) support, there will solo be five accessible 80 MHz channels. Five channels is enough to plan a mingle, but it will not be as trivial as it was with the multitude of channels that were available in 802.11n.[9]
(e) 256 Qam - The two top data rates in 802.11ac adopt 33% to the speed overall 802.11n; for all that they urge significantly higher signal-to-noise ratios. As a practical experience, such valuable SNRs restrict clean radio spectrum and short AP-to-client distances
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- Citation du texte
- Prashant Pathak (Auteur), 2017, A Comparison between WLAN (IEEE 802.11a, b, g, n and ac) Standards, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/368284
