Democracy and Islam in Jordan

Democracy in Jordan and the Relationship between the State and the Islamist Movement in Jordan

Masterarbeit , 2017 , 76 Seiten , Note: 95 von 100

Politik - Thema: Frieden und Konflikte, Sicherheit

This graduation project examines the influences of Islamic powers on democracy in Jordan. The Middle East is in upheaval, especially the Arabic Spring has contributed to question and reorganize society structures. While democracy and human rights take an increasing role in the global context, this seems not to be the case in the Arabic World. In the case of Jordan, the country presents itself as a constitutional monarchy within a democratic system. The constitution guarantees Western liberal democratic freedoms. Anyhow, in practice, they are rarely implemented.

The royal house strives to present the society as modern and democratic and pursues specific interests by that. Anyhow, examining the factors that define democracy, one has to raw the conclusion that society structures in Jordan are authoritarian and undemocratic. This paper examines the (un)democratic structures of Jordanian society while especially focusing on the Islamic groups in Jordan.

It analyses the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood and their corresponding political party IAF (the biggest Islamic party in Jordan) in parliament, on political reforms, on the Arabic Spring, on the role of woman in society, on the account of middle class and on the relationship of the party towards the central government. By that, it is going to become clear that IAF and Muslim Brotherhood scarcely influence political reforms in Jordan. Also in the resistance movement of the Arabic Spring in Jordan, Islamic groups had only a marginal impact. The former cooperation of the IAF with the Hashemite regime, which was based on grounds of common interests, came to rest. Experts fear an escalation with a possible radicalization of Islamic powers. Endeavours to establish more democratic structures have been disrupted.

It seems to be the most important challenge of the time of the entire Arabic World to take Islamic movements serious and to integrate them, while simultaneously pressing ahead with endeavours to democratize society.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction
1.1 Definitions
1.1.1 Democracy
1.1.2 Islam and Islamism

2 The Jordanian State and Government and its (Non-) Democratic Structures
2.1 History and Political Development since Establishment of the State 1922
2.2 Political System and Democratic Structures
2.2.1.1 The Government
2.2.1.2 The Election System
2.2.1.3 Ethnic demography and the Middle Class
2.2.1.4 Civic Participation
2.2.1.5 NGOs in Jordan
2.2.1.6 Human Rights in Jordan
2.2.1.7 Women in Jordan
2.2.1.8 Freedom of Opinion & Media
2.2.1.9 Summary: Democratic Structures in Jordan
2.3 The Relevance of External Actors for Jordan

3 The Islamist Movement in Jordan
3.1 History since the Foundation of the Muslim Brotherhood in 1945
3.1.1 The Palestinian Issue
3.1.2 Establishment of the Islamic Action Front (IAF)
3.1.2.1 Islamic Action Front – Representation in Parliament
3.1.2.2 The Party’s Objectives
3.1.2.3 Methodology and Organizational Structure
3.1.2.4 The Relevance of the Islamic Center Charity Society (ICCS) in Jordan
3.1.2.5 Internal Rivalries of the IAF
3.1.2.6 Women and Women’s Issues in the IAF
3.1.2.7 Democracy as a Tool to Gain Power?
3.2 Evolution of the Brotherhoods Discourse - From Alliance with the Government to Crisis
3.2.1 The Change in the 90s and the New King Abdullah II
3.2.2 The Palestinian Issue and Hamas
3.3 Protest Movement in Jordan and the Arab Spring
3.3.1 The Role of the Middle Class in Arab Spring
3.4 The Islamists Influence on Political Reforms
3.5 Relationship between State and Islamists nowadays

4 Conclusion and Outlook

5 References

6 Attachment Table 3: TIMELINE OF POLITICAL REFORM IN JORDAN

• Hochschule: University of Haifa (Politics)
• Veranstaltung: Peacekeeping Operations
• Note: 95 von 100
• Autor: Uta Freyer (Autor:in)
• Erscheinungsjahr: 2017
• Seiten: 76
• Katalognummer: V366026
• ISBN (eBook): 9783668463059
• ISBN (Buch): 9783668463066
• Sprache: Englisch
• Schlagworte: Islam, Islamism, Democracy, Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom, Arab Spring, Muslim Brotherhood, IAF, Islamic Action Front