Immune tolerance is the inhibition or absence of an immune response leaving only protective and beneficial immunity intact. Tolerance reduces response to both self and non-self antigens, which are substances which stimulate antibody production.
Tolerance breakdown causes immune disease; failed self-tolerance causes incorrect identification of self as foreign, causing autoimmune disease. Failure of induced tolerance causes overzealous identification of harmless foreign substances as a threat, causing hypersensitivities.
This essay explores the immunological mechanisms by which tolerance occurs, and their role in preventing the development of allergic disease.
Table of Contents
Allergy
Central Tolerance
T-cell tolerance
B-cell Tolerance
Peripheral Tolerance
Anergy
Deletion
B cell antibody production
Immune Deviation
Regulatory Lymphocytes
Regulatory T cells: Treg, Tr1, Th3
Regulatory B cells: Breg, Br1, Br3
Innate Immune System: Dendritic cells
Immune Privilege
Tolerance in Pregnancy
Induced Tolerance
Conclusion
References
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