Balancing Religion and Finance. Did Islamic Finance overcome possible difficulties that the Islamic law posed on conventional finance?

Bachelor Thesis , 2016 , 50 Pages , Grade: 1,3

Economics - History

Since the mid-1970s, an industry growing at considerable pace in the Islamic world is gaining market shares all over the world in countries with sufficient Muslim populations. This “Islamic Finance” industry claims to act in line with the ethical and practical principles set forth in the Qu'ran and the Shari'ah, thus appealing to Muslim and non-Muslim clients alike who search for viable alternatives to conventional financial products. As explained, the first beginnings of this phenomenon can be traced well back into the 1970s when the first “Islamic Banks” started operating in Egypt and Jordan.

In the past decades, a vast amount of research has been published – empirical and theoretical – to review the impacts of Islamic Finance on the financial markets of the Islamic world. These works, to a great deal inspired by the enormous need of the industry for quantitative and qualitative research, all dealt with questions of comparative efficiency of conventional and Islamic Finance, the demand for Shari'ah-compliant financial products, the actual genuineness, or authenticity, of the industry, etc. However, only a very small portion of these research works dealt with the question whether or not the Islamic world actually needs Islamic Finance.

At first, this might seem as a trivial question (if there was no need for Islamic Finance, there would not have been this substantial growth). But at second thought, one realizes the associations that come which come with the question of raison d'être: Why did Islamic Finance emerge? Does it add an economic value to its markets? And most importantly, is it – so far – successfully reaching its goals? To my understanding, the works that deal with this big-picture analysis, are thin on the ground. Therefore, this work shall take a first step at putting Islamic Finance into the historical context it needs to be seen in, by compiling the manifold works into a cross-sectional approach to characterize the industry. The most salient aspects of the analysis here will be legal, historical, and economic ones, in order to grasp the 'big picture' of Islamic Finance.

Content

1 Introduction

2 What were the exact investment problems of conventional finance?
2.1 Financial operators before Islamic Finance (supply side)
2.1.1 The Islamic financial markets between 1850 and 1970 (roughly): structure and size
2.1.2 The role of the Shari'ah: prescription and reality in conventional finance
2.2 The consumers' preferences before Islamic Finance (demand side)
2.2.1 Defining the consumers of conventional finance and their difficulties with conventional finance
2.2.2 Which financing methods were common?
2.3 Pre-conclusion: What did the restraining impact of the Shari'ah and the consumers' religious mentalities on conventional finance exactly look like?

3 Did Islamic Finance provide solutions to the hitherto carved out problems?
3.1 What is Islamic Finance?
3.1.1 The concept of Shari'ah-compliance
3.1.2 What is the “Islamic world” - or: which countries are important to survey?
3.1.3 Islamic banking and Investment
3.1.4 Takaful or Islamic insurance
3.2 The market situation with Islamic Finance
3.2.1 Is Islamic Finance working on the markets? (supply side)
3.2.1.1 How ‘big’ is Islamic Finance? Structure and size of the markets
3.2.1.2 Is Islamic Finance working? The comparative efficiency of conventional and Islamic Finance
3.2.1.3 Is Islamic Finance really Shari’ah-compliant? The disputes around Islamic Finance
3.2.2 Who is interested? The demand for Islamic Finance

4 Conclusion

5 Appendix
5.1 Technical definitions
5.2 Glossary of Arabic terms

6 References

• College: University of Mannheim (Fakultät der Rechtswissenschaften und VWL)
• Grade: 1,3
• Author: Ulrich Roschitsch (Author)
• Publication Year: 2016
• Pages: 50
• Catalog Number: V340096
• ISBN (eBook): 9783668298705
• ISBN (Book): 9783668298712
• Language: English
• Tags: Islamic, Finance, Islamic Finance, Islamic Banking, Islamic Insurance, Banking, Insurance