Die vorliegende Arbeit setzt sich aus einer pragmatischen Perspektive mit dem sprachlichen Phänomen der Synonymie im heutigen Amerikanischen Englisch auseinander. Mithilfe des Corpus of Contemporary American English, bekannt als COCA, sollen quantitative und qualitative Unterschiede zwischen Wörtern mit gleicher oder zumindest sehr ähnlicher denotativer Bedeutung im Sprachgebrauch untersucht werden.
Dazu werden in einer synchronischen Studie, die den Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2009 zugrunde legt, elf Gruppen mit jeweils zwei bis drei Synonymen, z.B. maybe/perhaps, analysiert. Zum einen sollen die Synonyme einer Gruppe hinsichtlich ihrer Gesamthäufigkeit im Corpus miteinander verglichen werden, zum anderen hinsichtlich ihrer quantitativen Verteilung über fünf sprachliche Register: Gesprochene Sprache, Fiktion, Magazine, Tageszeitungen und akademische Texte. Im Anschluss an die einzelnen Analysen werden Analogien und Unterschiede zwischen den Ergebnissen der Gruppen im Hinblick auf die unten genannten zentralen Thesen der Arbeit interpretiert.
Die Studie soll zum einen nachweisen, dass es in einer Gruppe von Synonymen in der Regel ein Lexem gibt, das viel häufiger verwendet wird als die anderen Lexeme und demnach als alltäglicher bzw. weniger formell angesehen werden kann. Weiterhin sollen die Ergebnisse Hinweise für einen Zusammenhang zwischen der angeblichen (In-)Formalität eines Wortes und seiner bevorzugten Verwendung in bestimmten Registern liefern. Dabei gehe ich davon aus, dass informellere Lexeme besonders in informelleren Registern gebraucht werden, formellere Lexeme dagegen in formelleren. Als untergeordneter Faktor wird der etymologische Ursprung der Synonyme hinzugezogen, wobei das Augenmerk auf der Opposition von germanischer und romanischer Abstammung liegt.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Introduction
- Background
- Synonymy
- Degrees of Synonymy
- Foreign Loans as a Source of Synonymy in English
- Register
- Components of a Register
- Register and Formality
- The Registers in COCA
- Synonymy
- Study
- Finding Sample Synonyms
- Method
- Analysis
- Couch vs. Sofa
- Enemy vs. Foe
- Noon vs. Midday
- Start [V], Begin, and Commence
- Stroll, Amble, and Saunter as Verbs
- Annual vs. Yearly as Adjectives
- Adept vs. Skillful/Skilful
- Maybe vs. Perhaps as Adverbs
- Synonymous Adverbs Referring to Frequency and Infrequency
- Probably vs. likely [ADV]
- Discussion
- Preference for One Synonym over Another
- Patterns of Register-based Distribution
- Origin as a Constraint
- Conclusion
- References
- Appendix
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This paper aims to investigate the relationship between synonymy and register in English, specifically focusing on the quantitative and qualitative differences between alleged synonyms. The study employs a corpus-based approach, analyzing a random selection of eleven synonym groups from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA).
- The study examines the overall frequencies of alleged synonyms in comparison, highlighting quantitative differences.
- It investigates the distribution of synonyms across different registers, focusing on the impact of formality on synonym usage.
- The study explores the role of etymological origin, particularly the Germanic vs. Romance distinction, in shaping the distribution of synonyms across registers.
- The paper analyzes the preference for one synonym over another within a group, considering factors such as frequency and register.
- It examines the relationship between the degree of formality and the register-based distribution of synonyms.
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
Chapter 2 provides a comprehensive overview of synonymy and register, defining key concepts and outlining the theoretical framework for the study. It explores the different degrees of synonymy, including absolute synonymy, descriptive synonymy, and near-synonymy, and discusses the impact of foreign loans on the frequency of synonyms in English. The chapter also delves into the concept of register, examining its components, the relationship between register and formality, and the specific registers used in the COCA corpus.
Chapter 3 outlines the methodology employed in the study, detailing the process of selecting sample synonyms and the specific methods used for data analysis. It explains the corpus-based approach and the rationale for focusing on the COCA corpus, highlighting the relevance of this corpus for the study's objectives.
Chapter 4 presents a detailed analysis of each sample group of synonyms, examining their peculiarities and analyzing the results of the corpus-based study. It explores the quantitative and qualitative differences between synonyms within each group, focusing on their frequency, register-based distribution, and etymological origin. The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the findings, highlighting key patterns and trends observed in the data.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
The keywords and focus themes of the text include synonymy, register, formality, corpus linguistics, COCA, frequency, distribution, etymological origin, Germanic, Romance, and English vocabulary.
- Quote paper
- Claus Arnold (Author), 2012, Synonymy and Register. A Corpus-based Study in American English, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/287190
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