Migration hump refers to the short term influx in migration instilled by trade and economic policies as compared to the expected migration trend without such initiatives. The migration hump theory, coined by Martin and Taylor in 1996, articulates that trade and migration are complimentary in short or medium term and substitutes in long term. Since 1991, there is growing recognition of the fact that the poorest countries are not the sending nations. People need resources to migrate, thus, initially developmental policies such as free trade and foreign direct investment enable people to migrate, however, in a long run same policies and additional remittances from diaspora empower countries to establish infrastructure to preserve their human capital and even instil return migration. However, one model does not fit all. In case of systematic failure of developmental policies due to internal or external pressures hump can transform into plateau, which means a state of continuous ‘brain drain’. This essay attempts to explain the notion of migration hump and plateau in relation to migration and development through optimistic and pessimistic views. The discourse explains the process of positive to negative migration through the example of Turkey and continuous excessive migration process through Mexico.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- Introduction
- Migration Hump
- Migration and Development
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte
This essay aims to explore the concept of the migration hump and its implications for development, examining both optimistic and pessimistic perspectives. It analyzes the relationship between migration and development, focusing on the impact of trade policies and remittances on migration patterns. The essay uses Turkey and Mexico as case studies to illustrate the dynamics of migration hump and plateau.
- Migration Hump Theory
- Impact of Trade Reforms on Migration
- Role of Remittances in Development
- Migration Optimism and Pessimism
- Case Studies of Turkey and Mexico
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel
The introduction defines the migration hump as a short-term surge in migration triggered by trade and economic policies, contrasting it with the expected migration trend without such initiatives. The essay highlights the complementary nature of trade and migration in the short to medium term, while emphasizing their substitutive relationship in the long term. It also discusses the potential for a migration plateau, characterized by continuous "brain drain," in cases where developmental policies fail.
The chapter on migration hump delves into the concept's theoretical framework, using Figure 1 to illustrate the additional migration generated by trade reforms. It examines the historical evidence of migration hump in Europe and Asia, citing examples like Spain, Italy, Greece, Malaysia, Taiwan, and South Korea. The chapter also explores the transformation from emigration to immigration in developed countries, attributing it to sustained development and a narrowing wage gap between source and destination countries.
The chapter on migration and development examines the debate surrounding the relationship between migration and development, highlighting the contrasting perspectives of migration optimism and pessimism. It defines development as a process of improving the quality of life and expanding opportunities, emphasizing the inherent right of individuals to choose their country of residence and employment. The chapter analyzes the impact of trade reforms and remittances on migration patterns, discussing the potential for both positive and negative consequences.
Schlüsselwörter
The key terms and focus themes of this text include migration hump, migration plateau, trade reforms, remittances, development, migration optimism, migration pessimism, brain drain, brain gain, Turkey, Mexico, and case studies. The essay explores the complex relationship between migration and development, examining the impact of trade policies and remittances on migration patterns and the potential for both positive and negative outcomes.
- Citar trabajo
- Arshi Aggarwal (Autor), 2014, Migration Hump and Development. A Look at Migration Patterns in Turkey and Mexico, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/286322
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