The Knowledge Gap Theory of Communication is primarily concerned with the unequal distribution of information throughout society and the correlating access to knowledge pertaining to socioeconomic status. The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis was first proposed in 1970 by three University of Minnesota researchers: Phillip J. Tichenor, then Associate Professor of Journalism and Mass Communication, George A. Donohue, Professor of Sociology, and Clarice N. Olien, Instructor in Sociology (Yoo Ri & Southwell, N/A). The hypothesis explains that there is a resulting divide between people of lower and higher socioeconomic status ‘as the infusion of mass media information into a social system increases, higher socioeconomic-status segments tend to acquire this information faster than lower socioeconomic-status population segments so that the gap in knowledge between the two tends to increase rather than decrease’ (Tichenor, Donohue, and Olien, 1970, p159-160). The resulting speed at which people are able to access tradition mass-media compared to modern systems may be surprisingly congruent when underlying education is taken into consideration.
THE KNOWLEDGE GAP THEORY OF COMMUNICATION
Nick Birch 2013
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INTRODUCTION
The Knowledge Gap Theory of Communication is primarily concerned with the unequal distribution of information throughout society and the correlating access to knowledge pertaining to socioeconomic status. The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis was first proposed in 1970 by threeUniversity of Minnesotaresearchers: Phillip J. Tichenor, then Associate Professor of Journalism and Mass Communication, George A. Donohue, Professor of Sociology, and Clarice N. Olien, Instructor in Sociology (Yoo Ri & Southwell, N/A). The hypothesis explains that there is a resulting divide between people of lower and higher socioeconomic status ‘as the infusion of mass media information into a social system increases, highersocioeconomic-statussegments tend to acquire this information faster than lower socioeconomic-status population segments so that the gap in knowledge between the two tends to increase rather than decrease’ (Tichenor, Donohue, and Olien, 1970, p159-160). The resulting speed at which people are able to access tradition mass-media compared to modern systems may be surprisingly congruent when underlying education is taken into consideration.
Addressing primarily large scale social aspects such as public affairs or health care issues, the authors argued that exposure to media would have an effect on people, but whether the effect was knowledge acquisition (and what level of knowledge) would depend on a number of factors including education; communication skills; existing knowledge; relevant social contact; selective exposure, acceptance and retention of information (e.g., print versus electronic media); power and control over media outlets; community structure; and redundancy in media coverage.
(Bunz, 2009, p57).
Tichenor, et al. (1970, p128) outlines five main reasons for the Knowledge Gap:
1. Communication Skills
2. Stored information
3. Relevant Social Contact
4. Selective Exposure
5. Media Target Markets
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- Nick Birch (Autor), 2013, The knowledge gap theory of communication, Múnich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/269683
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