To investigate the spectrum of organisms causing neonatal sepsis in Peshawar, Pakistan and to assess their sensitivity to various groups of drugs.
Methods: Blood taken from newborn babies admitted to the special care baby unit at the Khyber Teaching Hospital with a clinical diagnosis of neonatal sepsis was cultured. The data obtained from October 1997 to December 2000 were analysed and the results tabulated.
Results: A total of 1598 blood cultures were taken; 1003 were positive (positivity rate 62.8%).Escherichia coli was the most common organism found (36.6%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (29.5%), Pseudomonas (22.4%), Klebsiella (7.6%), and Proteus (3.8%). No group B streptococcus was grown. Listeria monocytogenes was found in one cerebrospinal fluid culture. E coli and Pseudomonas showed a high degree of resistance to commonly used antibiotics (ampicillin, augmentin, and gentamicin), a moderate degree of resistance to cephalosporin (cefotaxime, ceftzidime, and ceftrioxone), and low resistance to drugs not used for newborn babies (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enoxabid). S aureus showed a low resistance to all three groups of antibiotics.
Conclusion: Neonatal sepsis remains one of the leading causes of neonatal admission, morbidity, and mortality in developing countries. Gram negative organisms are the major cause of neonatal sepsis in Peshawar. Such organisms have developed multidrug resistance, and management of patients infected with them is becoming a problem in developing countries.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Results
- Discussion
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
The objective of this study was to determine the types of organisms causing neonatal sepsis in Peshawar, Pakistan, and to assess their antibiotic sensitivity. The study aimed to understand the prevalence of these organisms and the extent of their resistance to commonly used antibiotics.
- Prevalence of organisms causing neonatal sepsis in Peshawar.
- Antibiotic resistance patterns of sepsis-causing organisms.
- Comparison of resistance patterns with other regions.
- Impact of antibiotic resistance on neonatal mortality and morbidity.
- The role of antibiotic use and sanitation in driving resistance.
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
Abstract: This study investigated the causative agents of neonatal sepsis in Peshawar, Pakistan, and their antibiotic susceptibility. Blood cultures from newborns with sepsis were analyzed, revealing a high positivity rate (62.8%). Escherichia coli was the most prevalent organism, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Proteus. Significant resistance to commonly used antibiotics was observed, particularly in Gram-negative bacteria. The study highlights the ongoing challenge of antimicrobial resistance in neonatal sepsis management within developing countries.
Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity globally, particularly in developing countries. The causative organisms vary geographically and temporally due to factors such as antibiotic use and lifestyle changes. While Gram-negative bacteria were the primary cause in developed countries in the past, they remain a major concern in developing nations, exhibiting increasing multi-drug resistance due to factors including indiscriminate antibiotic use, poor sanitation, and ineffective infection control.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study, conducted in the special care baby unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital in Peshawar, enrolled newborns with clinical diagnoses of neonatal sepsis. Exclusion criteria included prior antibiotic use and certain medical conditions. Blood samples were cultured, and antibiotic sensitivity was determined using standard disc diffusion techniques.
Results: Analysis of 1598 blood cultures revealed a 62.8% positivity rate. E. coli (36.6%), S. aureus (29.5%), Pseudomonas (22.4%), Klebsiella (7.6%), and Proteus (3.8%) were identified. Group B streptococcus was not detected. The study assessed antibiotic sensitivity across three groups: penicillins/aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, and quinolones. Significant resistance to first-line antibiotics and moderate resistance to cephalosporins were observed, while resistance to quinolones remained low.
Discussion: The study's findings align with those of other developing countries, showing a predominance of Gram-negative bacteria in neonatal sepsis. High rates of resistance to first-line antibiotics underscore the urgent need for effective infection control strategies and responsible antibiotic stewardship in developing countries. The comparison to other studies from various parts of the world highlights the global problem of antimicrobial resistance and its implications for neonatal health.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
Neonatal sepsis, antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic resistance, Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, developing countries, Pakistan, mortality, morbidity, infection control.
Neonatal Sepsis in Peshawar, Pakistan: A Study on Antimicrobial Resistance - FAQ
What is the main focus of this study?
This study investigates the causative agents of neonatal sepsis in Peshawar, Pakistan, and their susceptibility to various antibiotics. It aims to understand the prevalence of these organisms and the extent of their resistance to commonly used antibiotics, ultimately impacting neonatal mortality and morbidity.
What were the key findings of the study?
The study found a high positivity rate (62.8%) for blood cultures in newborns with sepsis. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent organism, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Proteus. Significant resistance to commonly used antibiotics, especially among Gram-negative bacteria, was observed. The results highlight the significant challenge of antimicrobial resistance in managing neonatal sepsis in developing countries.
Which organisms were identified as the main causes of neonatal sepsis?
The most prevalent organisms identified were Escherichia coli (36.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (29.5%), Pseudomonas (22.4%), Klebsiella (7.6%), and Proteus (3.8%). Group B streptococcus was not detected.
What antibiotic resistance patterns were observed?
The study observed significant resistance to first-line antibiotics (penicillins/aminoglycosides) and moderate resistance to cephalosporins. Resistance to quinolones remained relatively low.
What are the implications of these findings?
The high rates of antibiotic resistance underscore the urgent need for effective infection control strategies and responsible antibiotic stewardship in developing countries like Pakistan. The findings highlight the global problem of antimicrobial resistance and its significant impact on neonatal health.
What methods were used in this study?
This prospective study was conducted in a special care baby unit. Newborns with clinical diagnoses of neonatal sepsis were enrolled, excluding those with prior antibiotic use or specific medical conditions. Blood samples were cultured, and antibiotic sensitivity was determined using standard disc diffusion techniques.
Where was this study conducted?
The study was conducted in the special care baby unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan.
What is the significance of this research in a global context?
The study's findings align with those from other developing countries, emphasizing the global prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria in neonatal sepsis and the widespread challenge of antimicrobial resistance. It underscores the need for international collaboration and improved healthcare strategies to combat this issue.
What are the key factors contributing to the high antibiotic resistance?
Factors such as indiscriminate antibiotic use, poor sanitation, and ineffective infection control are likely contributing to the high rates of antibiotic resistance observed in this study.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Islam Ud Din Khan (Autor:in), 2013, Antimicrobial resistance of organisms causing neonatal sepsis, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/266185
