Bahrain is one of the countries of the so-called "Arab Spring" but it differs from other revolutionary states: First of all, it is the only one of the six Gulf monarchies in which the existing ruling system was seriously threatened by the demonstrations. Also, the protests as such have a special significance, not only because with up to a hundred thousand people taking it to the streets they were remarkably bigger than the protests in other monarchies, but also because compared to the population, these were probably the biggest demonstrations in the Arab world. Nevertheless, the protests have (up until now) failed.
1.Contents
1. Introduction
2. The Kingdom of Bahrain
2.1. History
2.2. Political System
2.3. Society
3. The Protests
3.1. The National Dialogue
3.2. The Reaction of the International Community
4. The Reasons for the Failure of the Revolt
4.1. Elite-Intern Dynamics
4.1.1. Memory of the Past – Hardliners versus Reformers
4.1.2. Reluctant Use of Non-Repressive Legitimation Strategies
4.2. Disunity of the Protesters
4.2.1. Hardliners versus Moderates
4.2.2. The Crossing of Red Lines
4.3. External Influences
4.3.1. Pressure of the Gulf Cooperation Council
4.3.2. International Disinterest in Change
5. Outlook
6. Works Cited
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