This paper deals with the compounding words in Urdu language. Formation of Compound word is an important aspect of morphological operation to produce new words in languages with a linear morphological structure. It is extensively used as one of the ways to generate new words and word forms in Urdu language. Urdu language has borrowed a large number of compounds from a variety of sources from other Indian languages, Perso-Arabic and English. The present paper attempts to discuss Indic sources and Perso-Arabic compounds, English compounds, some ‘hybrid’ compounds, etc. These compounds are frequently used in Urdu language. The present paper explores and describes the various compounding phenomena in Urdu and their implication.
Table of Contents
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Formation of Compounds in Words in Urdu
- Pure Urdu compounds
- Copulative compounds
- Determinative Compounds
- Attributive Compounds
- Perso-Arabic compounds
Objectives and Key Themes
This paper aims to comprehensively analyze compound words in the Urdu language, focusing on their formation, sources, and classifications. It explores the morphological processes involved in creating compound words and examines the diverse linguistic origins of these compounds, including Sanskrit, Perso-Arabic, and English influences.
- Morphological Processes of Compound Word Formation in Urdu
- Linguistic Sources of Urdu Compound Words (Sanskrit, Perso-Arabic, English)
- Classification of Urdu Compound Words (Copulative, Determinative, Attributive)
- Analysis of Different Types of Urdu Compounds (e.g., Tatsam, Tadbhava, Hybrid)
- The Role of Compounding in Urdu Word Formation
Chapter Summaries
Introduction: This chapter introduces the concept of compound words, defining them as morphologically complex words comprising at least two free-form elements. It provides examples from Urdu, highlighting the grammatical function of compounding in forming complex words from smaller units. The chapter briefly traces the historical study of compounding, referencing early Indian grammarians like Panini and Patanjali, and later European linguists, showcasing the evolution of approaches to understanding compound word structures and their semantic implications. It lays the groundwork for a deeper dive into the specifics of Urdu compound word formation.
Formation of Compounds in Words in Urdu: This chapter delves into the formation of compound words in Urdu, distinguishing between tatsam (pure Sanskrit) and tadbhava (derived from Sanskrit) compounds. It emphasizes the prevalence of tadbhava compounds in Urdu and highlights the significant influence of Perso-Arabic and English borrowings, including the creation of "hybrid" compounds. The chapter introduces Beg's (1988) systematic classification of Urdu compounds as a framework for further analysis. It sets the stage for a detailed examination of the various types and structures of Urdu compounds, building on the foundational understanding established in the introduction.
Pure Urdu compounds: This chapter focuses on pure Urdu compounds, categorized into copulative, determinative, and attributive types. Copulative compounds are discussed based on their semantic relations (same or different meanings, presence of a meaningless component, or the use of a vowel as a conjunction). Determinative compounds are analyzed by examining their dependent, appositional, and numerical subtypes, illustrating the diverse relationships between the constituents. Attributive (or possessive) compounds are characterized by their adjectival nature, conveying qualities or attributes. The chapter meticulously explores the nuances of these classifications within the framework of Urdu grammar and morphology.
Perso-Arabic compounds: This section explores the extensive influence of Persian and Arabic on Urdu compound words. The chapter analyzes the integration of Perso-Arabic elements into Urdu's morphological structure, demonstrating how these compounds are used in literature, particularly poetry. It examines how Perso-Arabic compounds contribute to the richness and complexity of the Urdu lexicon, providing examples to illustrate their usage and linguistic integration within the language.
Keywords
Compound words, Urdu language, Morphology, Sanskrit, Perso-Arabic, English, Copulative compounds, Determinative compounds, Attributive compounds, Tatsam, Tadbhava, Hybrid compounds, Linguistic borrowing, Word formation.
Frequently Asked Questions: A Comprehensive Analysis of Compound Words in Urdu
What is the main focus of this document?
This document provides a comprehensive overview of compound words in the Urdu language. It analyzes their formation, sources (including Sanskrit, Perso-Arabic, and English influences), and classifications. The analysis includes detailed examinations of different types of compounds, such as copulative, determinative, and attributive compounds.
What are the key themes explored in this analysis of Urdu compound words?
Key themes include the morphological processes involved in creating compound words, the diverse linguistic origins of these compounds, and a systematic classification of these compounds. The role of compounding in Urdu word formation is also a central theme.
What types of Urdu compound words are discussed?
The document discusses various types of Urdu compound words, categorized as follows: Pure Urdu compounds (further divided into copulative, determinative, and attributive compounds), and Perso-Arabic compounds. The document also addresses the distinction between Tatsam (pure Sanskrit) and Tadbhava (derived from Sanskrit) compounds and the creation of "hybrid" compounds resulting from linguistic borrowing.
How are pure Urdu compounds classified?
Pure Urdu compounds are classified into three main types: copulative compounds (based on semantic relations), determinative compounds (with subtypes like dependent, appositional, and numerical), and attributive (or possessive) compounds (characterized by their adjectival nature).
What is the significance of Perso-Arabic influence on Urdu compound words?
The document highlights the significant influence of Persian and Arabic on Urdu compound words. It analyzes how Perso-Arabic elements integrate into Urdu's morphological structure and their use in literature, particularly poetry, contributing to the richness and complexity of the Urdu lexicon.
What is the historical context provided in the document?
The introduction briefly traces the historical study of compounding, mentioning early Indian grammarians like Panini and Patanjali, and later European linguists, illustrating the evolution of approaches to understanding compound word structures and their semantic implications.
What is Beg's (1988) classification system's role in this analysis?
Beg's (1988) systematic classification of Urdu compounds serves as a framework for the analysis presented in the document, providing a structure for understanding the various types and structures of Urdu compounds.
What keywords are associated with this analysis?
Keywords include: Compound words, Urdu language, Morphology, Sanskrit, Perso-Arabic, English, Copulative compounds, Determinative compounds, Attributive compounds, Tatsam, Tadbhava, Hybrid compounds, Linguistic borrowing, Word formation.
What is the overall goal of this analysis?
The primary goal is to provide a comprehensive and structured analysis of compound word formation in Urdu, covering their morphological processes, linguistic sources, classifications, and overall significance in the language.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Motiur Rahman (Autor:in), 2012, A Comprehensive Linguistically Study of Compound Words in India, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/187841
