The first section of the present essay discusses historically the European Commission’s approach towards efficiencies. The second section elaborates on the choice of welfare standards and explains the European approach of adopting the consumer welfare standard. The third section outlines types of efficiencies according to the economic literature. The fourth section discusses the three cumulative conditions of the European Commission in order to consider efficiency claims. The next section reveals the Commission decisional practice in cases of efficiency claims and analyses its development. In the last chapter more attention is paid to theory and practice of efficiencies in cases of non-horizontal mergers.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. The European Commission’s approach towards efficiencies
2.1. Efficiencies not as a defence argument but as a factor in overall appraisal
2.1. Measuring efficiencies against the competitive harm?
3. The choice of welfare standard
3.1. Total welfare standard
3.2. Consumer welfare standard
4. Typology of efficiencies
4.1. Allocative, Productive and Dynamic Efficiencies
4.2 Five categories of merger-specific efficiencies based on the concept of the production function
4.3. Real cost savings and redistributive (pecuniary) cost savings
4.4. Fixed and variable costs
5. Conditions for taking efficiencies into account
5.1. Benefits to consumers
5.2. Merger specificity
5.3. Verifiability
6. Commission’s decisional practice towards horizontal efficiencies
7. Non-horizontal mergers
8. Conclusion
-
-
-
-
Téléchargez vos propres textes! Gagnez de l'argent et un iPhone X. -
-
Téléchargez vos propres textes! Gagnez de l'argent et un iPhone X. -
-
Téléchargez vos propres textes! Gagnez de l'argent et un iPhone X. -
-
Téléchargez vos propres textes! Gagnez de l'argent et un iPhone X. -
-
Téléchargez vos propres textes! Gagnez de l'argent et un iPhone X. -
-
Téléchargez vos propres textes! Gagnez de l'argent et un iPhone X. -
-
Téléchargez vos propres textes! Gagnez de l'argent et un iPhone X. -
-
Téléchargez vos propres textes! Gagnez de l'argent et un iPhone X.