The collection aims at proposing a contribution to the academic discussion of themes related to planned and artificial languages, including both logical-linguistical analyses of morphosyntactical structures and lexicon generation, as well as from a thought-historical perspective, focusing on their underlying epistemological and ontological assumptions.
The collection is opened by the mainly philosophical contribution by Paolo Valore. It’s a known fact that planning an artificial language means that, also and mainly, in a laboratory for abstract research. In its “pseudo-manifesto”, Paolo Valore starts from another perspective, completely personal, arguing that abstract research, when it’s not only descriptive, consists, also and mainly, in the creation of artificial languages. Valore briefly explains his argument through the example of translating the ordinary language in an artificial logic language fit for ontological research.
Wim Jansen gives a slightly update version of his invited talk, which he had the 4th of September 2009 while he became
special professor of Interlinguistics and Esperanto Studies at the University of Amsterdam, clarifying the Esperanto project, its spontaneous evolution as a sign of liveness and the meaning of “artificiality” of this language.
Federico Gobbo treats interlinguistics as a science which can be related to the philosophical and scientific research of Leibniz. Gobbo shows how the research direction in mathematization of the linguistic knowledge has an important cognitive value which became explicit through the formalism of adpositional grammars.
Following Alan Reed Libert, it is possible to classify artificial and natural languages under three types, depending on the form of comparative adjectives. Artificial languages can form comparatives using only synthetic forms, only analytic forms, or both depending on cases. Artificial languages which use only synthetic strategies can be further classified by the rules for choosing one or the other strategy. There is some evidence of the fact that mostly artificial languages have both analytic and synthetic comparatives, as some natural languages. The formation of comparatives is an interesting area of morphology, in which it is possible to choose, even in the case of artificial languages.
ARTIFICIAL LANGUAGES
Themes in Linguistics and Philosophy
Editors: Paolo Valore, Federico Gobbo
[Sonderzeichen können im Textauszug nicht richtig dargestellt werden. Zum Reinlesen bitte auf das Cover-Bild klicken und direkt im Original-Dokument blättern - Anm. der Red.]
Contents / Enhavo
Preface: Paolo Valore - Federico Gobbo ...vii
Antauparolo: Paolo Valore - Federico Gobbo ...ix
1 La ricerca astratta come creazione di linguaggi. Quasi un manifesto (Paolo
Valore ) ...1
1.1 Introduzione ...1
1.2 Tradurre ...2
1.3 Non solo abbreviazioni ...4
1.4 Un motivo filosofico ...5
1.5 Conclusioni ...6
2 La abstrakta esplorado kiel kreado de lingvoj. Kvazau manifesto (Paolo
Valore) ...9
2.1 Enkonduko ...9
2.2 Tradukado ...10
2.3 Ne nur mallongigoj ...12
2.4 Filozofia kialo ...13
2.5 Konkludoj ...14
3 Esperanto: een taal van mij, een taal om van te houden (Wim Jansen) ...17
3.1 Het project Esperanto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2 Spontane ontwikkelingen als tekens van leven . . 25
3.3 Kunstmatig en toch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.4 Taal met een AAA rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4 Esperanto: lingvo malfremda, lingvo aminda (Wim Jansen) ...37
4.1 La Esperanta projekto ...37
4.2 Spontanaj evoluoj kiel vivosignoj ...44
4.3 Artfarita, sed... ...48
4.4 AAA–etikeda lingvo ...51
5 Fondamenti delle grammatiche adposizionali (Federico Gobbo) ...55
5.1 Introduzione ...55
5.2 Cognizione e computabilità ...57
5.3 Perché le adposizioni ...58
5.4 Figura e Sfondo ...60
5.5 Lo spazio adposizionale ...62
5.6 Sintagmi e alberi ...64
5.7 Morfologia ...66
5.7.1 I caratteri grammaticali ...67
5.7.2 La traslazione ...69
5.7.3 Affissazione come traslazione ...71
5.8 La valenza verbale ...72
5.8.1 La monovalenza ...72
5.8.2 La bivalenza ...73
5.8.3 La trivalenza ...74
5.8.4 Gli argomenti esterni ...75
5.8.5 Argomenti complessi ...76
5.9 I gruppi e il testo ...78
5.10 Conclusioni ...79
6 Fundamentoj de la adpoziciaj gramatikoj (Federico Gobbo) ...83
6.1 Enkonduko ...83
6.2 Konivo kaj komputeblo ...85
6.3 Kial adpozicioj ...85
6.4 Figuro kaj Fono ...87
6.5 La adpozicia spaco ...89
6.6 Sintagmoj kaj arboj ...91
6.7 Morfologio ...93
6.7.1 La gramatikaj karakteroj ...93
6.7.2 La transigado ...96
6.7.3 Afiksado kiel transigado ...97
6.8 La verba valenco ...98
6.8.1 La unuvalenco ...98
6.8.2 La duvalenco ...99
6.8.3 La trivalenco ...100
6.8.4 Eksteraj argumentoj ...101
6.8.5 Kompleksaj argumentoj ...102
6.9 La grupoj kaj la teksto ...103
6.10 Konkludoj ...105
7 Comparing Comparatives in Artificial Languages (Alan Reed Libert) ...109
7.1 Introduction ...109
7.2 Classification of Comparatives ...109
7.3 Syntethic strategies ...111
7.4 Analytic strategies ...111
7.5 Mixed strategies ...112
7.6 Conclusion ...114
8 Komparado de komparativoj en arterifaritaj lingvoj (Alan Reed Libert)
...117
8.1 Enkonduko ...117
8.2 Klasifikado de komparativoj ...117
8.3 Sintezaj strategioj ...119
8.4 Analizaj strategioj ...119
8.5 Miksitaj strategioj ...120
8.6 Konkludoj ...123
Preface
Paolo Valore - Federico Gobbo
This collection aims at proposing a contribution to the academic discussion of themes related to planned and artificial languages, including both logical-linguistical analyses of morphosyntactical structures and lexicon generation, as well as from a thought-historical perspective, focusing on their underlying epistemological and ontological assumptions.
The field’s inherent inter-disciplinarity requests a research as open as possible to contributions by researchers in various disciplines, from psychology to computer sciences, from mathematics to the history of mystical, religious inspirations and of utopian, political, artistic projects. Here, we limit ourselves mainly to a philosophical and an (inter)linguistic point of view.
The collection is opened by the mainly philosophical contribution by Paolo Valore. It’s a known fact that planning an artificial language means that, also and mainly, in a laboratory for abstract research. In its “pseudo-manifesto”, Paolo Valore starts from another perspective, completely personal, arguing that abstract research, when it’s not only descriptive, consists, also and mainly, in the creation of artificial languages. Valore briefly explains his argument through the example of translating the ordinary language in an artificial logic language fit for ontological research.
Wim Jansen gives a slightly update version of his invited talk, which he had the 4th of September 2009 while he became special professor of Interlinguistics and Esperanto Studies at the University of Amsterdam, clarifying the Esperanto project, its spontaneous evolution as a sign of liveness and the meaning of “artificiality” of this language.
Federico Gobbo treats interlinguistics as a science which can be related to the philosophical and scientific research of Leibniz. Gobbo shows how the research direction in mathematization of the linguistic knowledge has an important cognitive value which became explicit through the formalism of adpositional grammars.
Following Alan Reed Libert, it is possible to classify artificial and natural languages under three types, depending on the form of comparative adjectives. Artificial languages can form comparatives using only synthetic forms, only analytic forms, or both depending on cases. Artificial languages which use only synthetic strategies can be further classified by the rules for choosing one or the other strategy. There is some evidence of the fact that mostly artificial languages have both analytic and synthetic comparatives, as some natural languages. The formation of comparatives is an interesting area of morphology, in which it is possible to choose, even in the case of artificial languages.
The contributions of this volume has been previously published, in a different version, in the first issue of “InKoj. Interlingvistikaj Kajeroj”, an internet project by the Department of Philosophy of the University of Milan, Italy.
Antauparolo
Paolo Valore - Federico Gobbo
Tiu (?)ci kolekto celas proponi sian kontribuaj(?)on al la studo, je universitata nivelo, pri la temoj rilate al la planitaj kaj artefaritaj lingvoj, kaj el la vidpunkto de la logikaj kaj lingvaj analizoj pri la strukturo morfosintaksa kaj leksika, kaj el la vidpunkto de la historio de la ideo kaj de la epistemologiaj kaj ontologiaj konceptadoj sur kiuj bazi (?)gas tiuj lingvoj.
La interfakeco de tiu (?)ci studkampo postulas ke la esplorado havu strukturon malfermitan al kontribuaj(?)oj de spertuloj pri multaj fakoj, ekzemple: psikologio, informadiko, matematiko, historio de mistikaj kaj religiaj inspiroj kaj de utopiaj projektoj politikaj kaj artaj, ktp. C(?) i tie ni limigas nin je al la filozofia (inter)lingvistika vidpunkto.
La kolekto malfermi(?)gas per la precipe filozofia kontribua(?)jo de Paolo Valore. Estas fakto konata, ke la planado de artefaritaj lingvoj konsistas, anka ˘u kaj (?)cefe, en laboratorio por la abstrakta esplorado. En sia “kvaza ˘ u-manifesto”, Paolo Valore alprenas alian starpunkton, tute personan, subtenante ke la abstrakta esplorado, kiam (?) gi ne estas nure priskriba, konsistas, anka ˘u kaj (?)cefe, en la kreado de artefaritaj lingvoj. Valore mallonge ilustras sian aserton per la ekzemplo de la tradukado de la ordinara lingvo en artefarita logika lingva(?)jo por la ontologia esplorado.
Wim Jansen reproponas iomete aktualigitan versione de sia ina ˘ ugura parolado, kiun li tenis la 4an de septembro 2009 okaze de la enposteni(?)go kiel speciala profesoro pri Interlingvistiko kaj Esperantologio (?)ce la Universitato de Amsterdamo, klarigante la Esperantan projekton, la spontanan evoluon kiel vivosignon kaj la signifon de la “artefariteco” de (?)ci tiu lingvo.
Federico Gobbo pritraktas interlingvistikon kiel scienca fako kiun oni povas rilatigi al la filozofia kaj scienca esplorado de Leibniz. Gobbo montras kiel la esplor-itinero pri matematikigo de la lingvistika konaro havas gravan konivan valoron kiu eksplicitas per la formali(?)go nome adpoziciaj gramatikoj.
La˘u Alan Reed Libert, eblas klasifiki artefaritajn kaj naturajn lingvojn la ˘u tri tipoj, depende al la formoj de komparativaj adjektivoj. Artefaritaj lingvoj povas formi komparativojn uzante nur sintezajn formojn, nur analizajn formojn, a ˘u amba˘u formojn la ˘u ukaze. Artefaritajn lingvojn kiuj uzas nur sintezan strategion oni povas klasifiki plue per la reguloj por elekti unu a ˘u la alian strategion. Ia evidenco montras, ke granda parto de artefaritaj lingvoj havas amba˘u analizan kaj sintezan komparativojn, kiel en kelkaj naturaj lingvoj. La formado de komparativoj rezultas esti interesa areo de morfologio, en kiu eblas elekti, e(?)c kaze de artefaritaj lingvoj.
La kontribuaj(?)oj de (?)ci tiu volumo estas publikigitaj, en anta ˘ua versio, en la unua kajero de “InKoj. Interlingvistikaj Kajeroj”, reta projekto de la Departemento de Filozofio de la Universitato de Milano, Italio.
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