Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to public health as it undermines the ability to treat infectious diseases effectively and escalates healthcare expenses. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards the use of antibiotics of the residents of Sitio UFEBA Barangay Bulacao Cebu, City. By utilizing a descriptive correlational research design, this study involved 140 voluntary respondents who actively participated in data gathering by administering a standardized questionnaire.

Antimicrobial agents are medications that either kill or retard the growth of pathogenic organisms. Antimicrobials have been recognized as the most effective drugs for fighting infections and curing diseases. Its advancement has significantly contributed to and played a significant role in health care by increasing life expectancy. It is beneficial in various ways, including performing multiple surgical procedures and treating various infectious diseases and complications, and it is also used as a preventative medicine for illnesses.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant public health issue that jeopardizes the ability to treat infectious diseases, driving up healthcare costs. Every year, at least 70,000 people die from drug resistance to diseases such as bacterial infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis. According to Yusef et al. (2018), antimicrobial resistance is a global health issue linked to increased morbidity and mortality rates because limited agents are ineffective in treating various diseases. Antimicrobial resistance is very concerning because it limits the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents. It would also necessitate a significant increase in research and antimicrobial supplies. As a result, there would be a burden of unnecessary costs in the field of healthcare.

Extrait

Acknowledgment

Abstract

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Theoretical Background
THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem
Null Hypothesis
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES
Research Design
Research Environment
Research Respondents
Research Instruments
Research Procedure
Gathering of Data
Treatment of Data
Ethical Consideration

CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, & INTERPRETATION OF DATA

CHAPTER V SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
Findings
Conclusion
Recommendation
Proposed Plan

REFERENCES

APPENDICES
A. TRANSMITTAL LETTER
B. INFORMED CONSENT
C. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This research has come to reality thanks to the generous support and assistance of numerous individuals. The researchers would like to express their heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to all those who have played a part in making this possible.

First and foremost, we would like to express our heartfelt thanks to all the participants and individuals who have contributed to this study, particularly the residents of Sitio UFEBA Barangay Bulacao Cebu, City. Without their willingness to participate and their valuable insights, this research would not have been possible.

We express our sincere and profound gratitude to May Joyce P. Corvera, RN, MAN, the esteemed Dean of the College of Nursing at the University of Cebu in Pardo and Talisay. Her unwavering support has been paramount in ensuring the successful completion of this study. We are deeply grateful for her continuous guidance and invaluable words of wisdom, which have significantly shaped our preparedness for the challenges of a globally competitive world. Her unwavering commitment has been instrumental, and we truly appreciate her contributions to our academic journey.

We extend our sincere appreciation to the distinguished members of the panel Mark Ryan Portuguez, RN, MSN, and Helen Estrella, RN, MN, DM. Their valuable insights, honest suggestions, and approval of this study have been instrumental in its development and success. We are grateful for their expertise, time, and commitment to maintaining high standards of academic excellence.

We would also like to extend our sincere appreciation to our statistician, Eliezer Cabanas, LPT, for their expertise and assistance in the data analysis and interpretation. Their meticulous approach, attention to detail, and proficiency in statistical methods have significantly contributed to the accuracy and validity of our findings. His invaluable contributions have helped us uncover meaningful insights and draw robust conclusions from our research data.

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to our research adviser, Maria Corazon Lourdes C. Lucin RN, MAN, LPT, for her invaluable guidance, expertise, and unwavering support throughout the entire research process. Her insightful suggestions, constructive feedback, and continuous encouragement have been instrumental in shaping the direction and quality of this research. Her expertise in the field has greatly enhanced the rigor and credibility of our study. We are truly grateful for her dedication and commitment to our academic and personal growth.

The researchers would also like to express their heartfelt appreciation to their families and friends for their unwavering moral and financial support throughout the journey of this research. Their constant encouragement has played a vital role in the completion of this research paper.

The researchers would like to extend their sincere gratitude to the esteemed faculty members of the University of Cebu Pardo-Talisay College of Nursing and Midwifery for their invaluable guidance and unwavering supervision throughout the completion of this endeavor.

The researcher would like to dedicate this endeavor to the Almighty God, expressing gratitude for the wisdom bestowed upon them, as well as the strength, peace of mind, and good health that enabled them to successfully complete this research.

Lastly, we would like to express our sincere appreciation for the researchers' invaluable contributions and tireless efforts throughout this study. Their unwavering dedication, diligent work, and unwavering commitment have played a crucial role in accomplishing this research project successfully.

ABSTRACT

The study revealed that although respondents' attitudes towards antibiotic use were less appropriate, they still have fairly satisfactory knowledge of antibiotic use and have demonstrated good practices. In addition, the study revealed no significant relationship between age and the use of antibiotics in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The study did find a significant relationship between monthly income and attitude, as well as educational attainment and practices. Moreover, there is no significant relationship between respondents' profile (gender and employment status) and their use of antibiotics in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Furthermore, it has been found that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes toward the use of antibiotics. It also found a significant positive relationship between respondents' attitudes and their practices regarding the use of antibiotics.

Fostering appropriate knowledge, promoting positive attitudes, and encouraging responsible practices are crucial in combating the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. Equipping individuals with the necessary understanding and empowering them to make informed choices can collectively preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics for future generations.

Keywords:Antimicrobial Resistance

LIST OF TABLES

1 Respondent's Profile

2 Respondents' Level of Knowledge of the Used Antibiotic

3 Level of Attitude towards Antibiotics

4 Respondents' Level of Practices toward Antibiotics Use

5 Relationship Between the Respondent's Profile (Age, Educational Attainment, and Income) And Their Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Towards the Use of Antibiotics

6.1 Difference between the respondent's Gender and Their Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward the Use of Antibiotics

6.2 Difference between the respondent's Employment Status and Their Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward the Use of Antibiotics Correlation Between Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Towards the Use of Antibiotics Proposed Action Plan Table

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Introduction

Rationale

Antimicrobial agents are medications that either kill or retard the growth of pathogenic organisms. Antimicrobials have been recognized as the most effective drugs for fighting infections and curing diseases. Its advancement has significantly contributed to and played a significant role in health care by increasing life expectancy. It is beneficial in various ways, including performing multiple surgical procedures and treating various infectious diseases and complications, and it is also used as a preventative medicine for illnesses (MacGowan & Macnaughton, 2017).

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant public health issue that jeopardizes the ability to treat infectious diseases, driving up healthcare costs. Every year, at least 70,000 people die from drug resistance to diseases such as bacterial infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis. According to Yusef et al. (2018), antimicrobial resistance is a global health issue linked to increased morbidity and mortality rates because limited agents are ineffective in treating various diseases. Antimicrobial resistance is very concerning because it limits the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents. It would also necessitate a significant increase in research and antimicrobial supplies. As a result, there would be a burden of unnecessary costs in the field of healthcare.

According to a study by the World Health Organization (2021), antimicrobial resistance continues to jeopardize our capacity to treat common diseases. The rapid global proliferation of multi- and pan-resistant bacteria (sometimes known as "superbugs") that cause diseases not curable with existing antimicrobial medications such as antibiotics are especially concerning. Antibiotic shortages are hurting countries at all stages of development, particularly healthcare systems. A key issue is a need for more access to high-quality antimicrobials. The World Health Organization identified 32 antibiotics in clinical-development antibiotics that address the WHO priority pathogen list. Antibiotics are becoming less effective as antibiotic resistance increases worldwide, resulting in more difficult-to-treat diseases and death. New antibacterial is desperately needed to treat carbapenem-resistant gramnegative bacterial infections. However, if people adjust their usage of antibiotics, they can prevent these new antibiotics from suffering the same fate as the old ones and becoming ineffective. The cost of AMR to national economies and health systems is enormous because it reduces the productivity of patients and caregivers by requiring more extended hospital stays and more expensive and intense care. Without efficient methods for preventing and treating drug-resistant infections and enhanced access to existing and new quality-assured antimicrobials, the number of individuals requiring treatment or dying from infections will rise. Cancer treatment, organ transplants, and surgery in general—including cesarean sections and hip replacements—will increase risk.

Antimicrobial resistance has become a public health concern in the Philippines as well. Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis, pneumonia, malaria, and HIV/AIDS are common infections. According to studies, inadequate medical monitoring and patient self-medication are two variables that lead to AMR. On the other hand, dispensing medications like antimicrobials and ethical pharmaceuticals falls under the responsibility of pharmacists, who only provide them if the patient has a prescription. Thus, dispensing ethical drugs without a prescription is strongly prohibited (Carlos et al., 2016).

The Pharmacists Association President Leonila Ocampo, in 2019, also stated that patients and some pharmacy owners lack knowledge of the effects of antibiotics. They see them as "ordinary commodities." As a result, the group pushed for the Philippines to pass a new pharmacy law. A person must possess the necessary educational credentials to sell antibiotics under Republic Act 10918. Additionally, no one without a prescription may purchase antibiotics from them. Anyone found in violation will face a fine of between P250,000 and P500,000. Nevertheless, restrictions only apply to the nation's primarily urban areas. According to Ocampo, people can purchase antibiotics in sari-sari stores in rural regions. While she acknowledged that the PPhA has been addressing this issue by broadening the stewardship program's application, she also noted that much work remains until everyone is aware of the risks posed by AMR (Ching, 2019).

The value-action gap, the attitude-behavior gap, the intention-behavior gap, the KAP gap (knowledge-attitudes-practice gap), or the belief-behavior gap happens when an individual's qualities or mentalities do not relate to their activities. It is the distinction between what individuals say and what they do. The World Health Organization launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) to fill information holes and illuminate procedures at all levels to target prevention and antimicrobial drug misuse. GLASS has imagined logically consolidating information from observing AMR in people and reconfiguring antimicrobial medications' utilization. GLASS gives a normalized way to deal with the assortment, examination, translation, and information sharing by nations, domains, and regions. It screens the situation with existing and new public reconnaissance frameworks, emphasizing representatives and the nature of information assortment (World Health Organization, 2016).

This study aims to understand the dynamics of antimicrobial use among the residents of Sitio UFEBA. The improper use of antibiotics is a significant public health challenge in the community. There is a significant "over the counter" selling of antibiotics from unlicensed vendors such as sari-sari stores without the correct knowledge of its use, which leads to high levels of improper use and an ensuing rise in antibiotic resistance, causing the decline in the number of first-line antibiotics efficacy as therapies. This study will help increase public awareness of the risks associated with antibiotic abuse and incorrect use. By evaluating the viewpoint of the residents of Sitio UFEBA in terms of their knowledge, attitude, and behaviors on their use of antimicrobial agents, this study will aid in the analysis of the prevention of antimicrobial resistance. As future healthcare professionals, the researchers believe that nursing schools should establish a strong foundation in educating the community about the sensible use of antibiotics.

Theoretical Background

The Health Promotion Model was designed by Nola J. Pender to be a “complementary counterpart to models of health protection.” It defines health as a positive dynamic state rather than simply the absence of disease. Health promotion directs efforts toward increasing a patient's level of well-being. The health-promotion model describes the multidimensional nature of persons as they interact within their environment to pursue health. Pender's model focuses on individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and behavioral outcomes. The theory notes that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that affect subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavior-specific knowledge and affect has important motivational significance. Nursing actions can modify the variables. Health-promoting behavior is the desired behavioral outcome, which makes it the endpoint in the Health Promotion Model. These behaviors should result in improved health, enhanced functional ability, and better quality of life at all stages of development. The final behavioral demand is also influenced by the immediate competing demand and preferences, derailing intended actions for promoting health. The Health Promotion Model makes four assumptions: (1) to regulate their behavior actively (2) individuals, in all their biopsychosocial complexity, interact with the environment, progressively transforming the environment as well as being transformed over time (3) health professionals, such as nurses, constitute a part of the interpersonal environment, which exerts influence on people through their life span. (4) self-initiated reconfiguration of the person-environment interactive patterns is essential to changing behavior.

The health promotion model's major assumptions emphasize that the individual controls the shaping and maintaining of their health behaviors within their environment. Healthcare practitioners have a significant impact on the patient's environment. For a behavioral change to occur and be maintained, it must be selfinitiated. Previous conduct and qualities that directly influence future healthpromoting behavior must be considered. Perceived personal value or benefit, as well as self-worth, can motivate engagement. When others in their environment support and exhibit health-promoting behavior, it strongly indicates commitment. Using Pender's Health Promotion Model can positively affect and improve health behaviors. The model drives the nurse to tailor their education to meet their patient's individual and environmental needs. Due to its ease of use, the health promotion model is valuable in nursing research (Butts & Rich, 2018).

Moreover, according to El-Aal et al. (2022), educational interventions based on Pender's health promotion model effectively raise patient awareness. Pender's health promotion model in Health education encourages preventive behaviors. The health model may also aid in developing educational interventions for improved patient care and outcomes. This model helps the study give awareness and proper antibiotic etiquette.

In the study of Aqtam et al. (2018), the integrative literature review revealed that Pender's HPM could be used in studies that predict practical benefits/barriers in health-promoting behaviors, detect impacts of intervention for improving healthpromoting behaviors, test this model, predict stage or level of change in related factor affecting health-promoting behavior, and determine the relationship of variables associated with health-promoting behaviors. The research predicting practical benefits/barriers and the critical drivers of health-promoting behaviors underscored that healthcare providers/professionals can understand and manage modifiable behavior-specific variables according to Pender's model. As a result, they are prepared to recognize health advantages and barriers and offer everyone healthpromoting habits, guidance, and social support. They should also include these aspects in initiatives to promote a healthy lifestyle. Pender's model applications assist the development of successful theory-based interventions and give evidence of the efficacy of various therapies based on this theory. HPM can help reduce disease risk factors, particularly chronic diseases and symptoms, and promote a healthy lifestyle. HPM can be used to analyze, identify, and deploy successful healthpromotion programs, strategies, and interventions by identifying health-promoting behavior and forecasting the stage of change-related characteristics.

The HPM can show how these factors affect people's decisions and actions regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) surrounding antibiotic use. In terms of knowledge, the HPM recognizes that knowledge is an essential component in shaping health-related behaviors. Individuals with accurate and comprehensive knowledge about antibiotics are likely to make informed decisions. In attitudes relating to HPM, various elements, such as individual beliefs, social pressures, and prior experiences, can affect attitudes. Responsible use habits can result from positive attitudes toward antibiotics, such as acknowledging their value in treating bacterial infections. Lastly, practices encompass the actual behaviors individuals engage in regarding antibiotics use. The HPM highlights numerous factors, including knowledge, attitudes, and individual characteristics, influence behavior. Individuals with accurate knowledge and positive attitudes are more likely to engage in appropriate practices, such as following healthcare providers' instructions, completing the entire course of antibiotics, and avoiding unnecessary antibiotics for viral infections.

The study was also supported by the Health Belief Model (HBM). The HBM was developed in the early 1950s by social scientists in the U.S. Public Health Service to understand people's failure to adopt disease prevention strategies or screening tests for early disease detection. The HBM was based on the psychological and behavioral theories that hold that two aspects of health-related behavior are 1) the desire to avoid sickness or to recover from illness if already ill; and 2) the conviction that a particular health activity would prevent or cure illness. Ultimately, a person's decision is frequently influenced by how they view the advantages and disadvantages of engaging in healthy behaviors. The HBM has six different structures. The HBM's founding principles were the first four constructions. As the study on the HBM progressed, the final two were added: (1) perceived susceptibility, (2) perceived severity, (3) perceived benefits, (4) Perceived barriers, (5) cue to action, (6) self-efficacy (LaMorte, 2022).

In addition, the health belief model is a fundamental and popular paradigm in studying health behavior. Later, others expanded the health belief model to explore how people behave while experiencing health issues. Since then, the HBM has changed to reflect public health issues and is now utilized with numerous demographics and health habits. The main objective of the HBM is to clarify the influence of a person's perspective and attitude about a particular condition and how it affects their decision-making process concerning their health. Health professionals commonly use it to develop preventive and intervention programs. The HBM contends that it is possible to forecast individual health-related behaviors by using a person's subjective or relative health assessments. The HBM's theoretical framework aims to account for individual differences and predict participation in health-related activities (Neumann, 2022).

The HBM can shed light on how these elements are related to people's behavior and decision-making when looking at knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding the use of antibiotics. In terms of knowledge, it plays a crucial role in the HBM, as individuals must be aware of the potential health threats associated with antibiotic misuse and the appropriate use of antibiotics. In attitudes, it encompasses individuals' feelings and evaluations regarding antibiotic use. In the framework of the HBM, perceptions of the advantages and difficulties of acting influence attitudes. Beliefs regarding the efficiency of antibiotics in treating bacterial illnesses and minimizing complications may result in favorable attitudes about prudent antibiotic use. Furthermore, lastly, practice pertains to the actions people take when using antibiotics. According to the HBM, people are more likely to adopt health-promoting habits if they think that taking action (such as using antibiotics appropriately) can successfully prevent or treat a health condition and that the advantages exceed the disadvantages.

Statement of The Problem

This study determines the knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward the use of antibiotics among residents of Sitio UFEBA in Barangay Bulacao Cebu, City. Specifically, it answers the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 age;

1.2 gender;

1.3 employment status;

1.4 educational attainment; and

1.5 income?

2. What is the level of knowledge towards antibiotic use among the respondents in terms of:

2.1 Identification of antibiotics;

2.2 knowledge of the role of antibiotics;

2.3 side- effects of antibiotics; and

2.4 antibiotics resistance?

3. What is the attitude towards antibiotic use in terms of:

3.1 preference for the use of antibiotics;

3.2 antibiotic resistance and safety; and

3.3 antibiotic prescription by doctors?

4. What are the practices toward antibiotic use in terms of:

41. when to take the antibiotics;

4.2 where to acquire antibiotics; and

4.3 how to take antibiotics?

5. Is there a significant relationship between the respondent's profile (age, educational attainment, and income) and their use of antibiotics in terms of:

5.1 Knowledge;

5.2 Attitudes; and

5.3 Practices?

6. Is there a significant difference between the respondent's profile (gender and employment status) and their use of antibiotics in terms of:

6.1 Knowledge;

6.2 Attitudes; and

6.3 Practices?

7. Is there a significant relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practices toward the use of antibiotics?

8. Based on the findings of the study, what action plan can be proposed?Statement of Null Hypothesis

H0 1. There is no significant relationship between the respondent's profile (age, educational attainment, and income) and their use of antibiotics in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

H0 2. There is no significant difference between the respondent's profile (gender and employment status) and their use of antibiotics in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

H0 3. There is no significant relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practices toward the use of antibiotics

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of antibiotic use and their influencing factors among community members of the Sitio UFEBA Brgy. Bulacao Cebu City. These are the sectors that would greatly benefit from this study:

Community Members. The researchers selected the community members of Brgy. Bulacao, Sitio UFEBA, Cebu City as the research data source for the study. This study will help disseminate effective advocacy, communication, and health education to improve awareness and understanding of antibiotic use and resistance to facilitate behavior change.

Community.The study's result will help make practical steps to begin or strengthen awareness-raising initiatives on antibiotic use and resistance and change behaviors, beliefs, practices, and social norms that fuel the problem of antibiotic resistance.

Students.This study will be immensely significant to the students as it allows them to disseminate information on the findings of the study and take part in health teaching opportunities to educate and help the community members of Barangay Bulacao Sitio UFEBA. The knowledge learned through the study can pave the way to producing better behavioral practices.

Researchers.Through this study, the researchers will be able to gain comprehension and discover the underlying factors that lead to the misuse of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). This study will aid in improving the researcher's work ethic, specifically in handling and administering antibiotics to patients while being aware of the antibiotics' high risk of mishandling and misusing them. Thus, this study will encourage them to further look at its implications that will validate their study on the antibiotic use misconception and practices of Barangay Bulacao Sitio UFEBA community members.

Cebu City Health Office (LGU).This study will offer a plan of action for addressing the issues of the community about the use of antibiotics and how to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It will also provide a strategy for enhancing our Local Government Unit's research on the developed National Action Plans (NAPs) following the launch of the Global Action Plan on AMR, which aims to give healthcare facilities structure and direction in taking a proactive interdisciplinary approach to combating AMR. Local government units (LGUs) were intended for health promotion and prevention of AMR. These will serve as a reference and assist local leaders and healthcare providers in educating the community on the rational use of antimicrobials and developing action plans to combat AMR, which will benefit the community.

Department of Health (DOH).This study will benefit the DOH as they will provide technical assistance, consulting, and advisory services on health research and development in using antibiotics in the community.

Association of Nursing Service Administrators of the Philippines (ANSAP).This study will benefit the ANSAP as it will provide a body of knowledge that will aid the advancement of nursing research. This study's outcome may influence health policy and advance global healthcare. It will also promote everyone's health and well-being through antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use.

Association of Deans of Philippine Colleges of Nursing Inc. (ADPCN). The findings of this study will aid in disseminating information on pertinent updates about the use of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The outcomes will support nursing education and aid in disseminating research findings in nursing practice and education.

Philippine Pharmacists Association.Given that AMR has been a concern, it has become among the country's most urgent health issues, with its severity escalating. The results of this study will be helpful in the fight against antibiotic resistance and the preservation of our life-saving medicines.

Philippine Nurses Association.The findings of this study would assist the Philippine Nurses Association on the health care concerns that concern nurses and the general public, particularly on the inappropriate use of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a significant issue in the community.

Philippine Hospital Infection Control Society.The Philippine Hospital Infection Control Society will benefit from this study as it will create effective strategies for controlling and preventing antimicrobial resistance. It will expand collaborative work in health education, research, and quality management programs in infection control. In order to enhance how doctors prescribe, and patients utilize antibiotics, PHICS can also establish national infection control guidelines and practices related to antibiotic consumption.

Future researchers.The study's results would be a basis and reference for future researchers.

[...]

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Résumé des informations

Titre: The Use of Antibiotics Among Residents of Sitio UFEBA, Barangay Bulacao Cebu, City. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices
Cours: NURSING
Auteurs: Maria Lucin (Auteur), Klint P. Abalo (Auteur), Hyacinth M. Abangan (Auteur), Cidny P. Abas (Auteur), Sheyenne Albores (Auteur)
Année de publication: 2023
Pages: 88
N° de catalogue: V1373765
ISBN (PDF): 9783346911872
ISBN (Livre): 9783346911889
Langue: anglais
mots-clé: antibiotics among residents sitio ufeba barangay bulacao cebu city knowledge attitudes practices

Citation du texte: Maria Lucin (Auteur), Klint P. Abalo (Auteur), Hyacinth M. Abangan (Auteur), Cidny P. Abas (Auteur), Sheyenne Albores (Auteur), 2023, The Use of Antibiotics Among Residents of Sitio UFEBA, Barangay Bulacao Cebu, City. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1373765

The Use of Antibiotics Among Residents of Sitio UFEBA, Barangay Bulacao Cebu, City. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices