Correlation between Teeth Wear and Oral Health Related Quality of Life among Adult Patients

Tesis de Máster , 2023 , 102 Páginas , Calificación: A

Medicina - Odontología

It is important to understand how a very common prevalent condition of tooth wear (TW) impacts a person’s day-to-day oral health. An emerging concept of measuring the parameter of oral healthrelated quality of life (OHRQoL), which evidently impacts the daily living of a person, makes it practical to examine the correlation between TW and OHRQoL. For measuring the OHRQoL, we can apply various methods, and the most effective is the use of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) questionnaire. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the correlation between TW and the OHRQoL among adult patients attending a dental college and hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional research was performed on patients who visited the outpatient department of Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, India. Initially, the sociodemographic details of patients, including their oral hygiene and dietary habits, were recorded. This step was followed by the assessment of TW using the Smith and Knight TW index. Then, the translated version of the OHIP questionnaire was filled up, in which the patients were asked to rate each question on a Likert scale, with five points ranging from 0 to 4, where 0 = never, 1 = hardly ever, 2 =occasionally, 3 = fairly often, and 4 = very often.

CONTENTS

Acknowledgement

List of abbreviations

List of figures

List of tables

List of graphs

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Review of literature

3. Aim and objectives

4. Material and methods

5. Results

6. Discussion

7. Conclusion

8. Limitations

9. Recommendations

10. Bibliography

11. Annexures

ACKOWLEDGEN T

Though only my name appears on the cover of this dissertation, it wouldn't have been possible without the help and support of a great deal of people.

I extend my heart-felt gratitude to Dr. Manish Goyal, Principal and head of the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics for giving me full independence in utilizing all facilities needed to carry out my work.

I owe my sincerest gratitude to my guide, Dr. Pradeep Tangade, Professor and head, Department of Public Health Dentistry who has been an excellent teacher. Without his constant concern, support, words of encouragement and constant evaluation this dissertation would have remained just an idea. I also express my gratitude to my faculty Dr. Thanveer K, Dr. Vikas Singh, Dr. Ankita Jain for sharing their knowledge & invaluable suggestions.

I am indebted to my parents Mr. Upendra Kr. Srivastava and Mrs. Juhi Srivastava and my brother CA Aviral Srivastava for being my strength and for supporting me in pursuing my dreams. I would not have been where I am today without their guidance, love and support. Their patience and sacrifice will remain my inspiration throughout my life. I also owe my deepest gratitude to my dearest husband Mr. Shobhit Srivastava for his eternal support and understanding of my goals and aspirations. His infallible love and support has always been my strength.

I'll also be forever grateful to my grandparents Dr. Aditya Kumar and Mrs. Santosh Srivastava for their blessings and unconditional love. It is like a drop in the ocean of words that can never reach its mark to acknowledge infinite love, blessings, sacrifices and constant encouragement of my beloved friend Dr. Vaishali Chaudhary who have been the sole source of inspiration for me to proceed ahead in my life.

I also extend my gratitude to my in laws, Mr. Rohit Srivastava , Mrs. Sharmila Srivastava , and Sanchit Srivastava for their constant support and motivation throughout. I also extend my thanks to Dr. Surbhi Priyadarshi, Dr. Malti, Dr. Priyanshi, Dr. Priya, Dr. Rupali, Dr. Mukul, Dr. Harshita, for their support.

Above all, I thank, God Almighty, who enabled me with philosophy, perception and motivation .

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

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LIST OF FIGURES

1. Attrition

2. Abrasion

3. Erosion

4. Abfraction

5. Armamentarium used

6. Clinical examination

7. Recording of data

LIST OF TABLES

1. Participants distribution on the basis of gender in population

2. Age distribution of study participants

3. Distribution of study participants on the basis of socioeconomic status

4. Distribution of study participants as per place of residence

5. Distribution of study participants as per educational qualifications

6. Distribution of study participants as per dental visits

7. Distribution of study participants as per reason for dental visits

8. Distribution of study participants as per oral hygiene aid used

9. Distribution of study participants as per oral hygiene material used

10. Distribution of study participants as per frequency of brushing

11. Distribution of study participants as per consumption of fruit/citric drinks

12. Distribution of study participants as per consumption of beverages/carbonated drinks

13. Distribution of study participants as per brushing technique

14. Association between Teeth wear and other factors

15. Association between Teeth wear and OHRQoL

16. Mean OHIP-14 domain scores and its impact in relation to severity of teeth wear among the studied population

LIST OF GRAPHS

1. Participants distribution on the basis of gender in population

2. Age distribution of study participants

3. Distribution of study participants on the basis of socioeconomic status

4. Distribution of study participants as per place of residence

5. Distribution of study participants as per educational qualifications

6. Distribution of study participants as per dental visits

7. Distribution of study participants as per reason for dental visits

8. Distribution of study participants as per oral hygiene aid used

9. Distribution of study participants as per oral hygiene material used

10. Distribution of study participants as per frequency of brushing

11. Distribution of study participants as per consumption of fruit/citric drinks

12. Distribution of study participants as per consumption of beverages/carbonated drinks

13. Distribution of study participants as per brushing technique

14. Association between Teeth wear and other factors

15. Association between Teeth wear and other factors

16. Association between Teeth wear and other factors

17. Association between Teeth wear and other factors

18. Association between Teeth wear and OHIP-14

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Teeth wear can be described as a multi factorial lesion that can affect the quality of life of an individual to a varied extent. Various dietary habits along with various lifestyle habits are associated with this so we need to assess its varied etiology and the effects. Thus this research was conducted in the dental college amongst the age group of 35-44 years participants who were visiting OPD of TMDC & RC, Moradabad. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of TW, to assess its impact on OHRQoL and to recommend preventive measures.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in the college of TMDC & RC, Moradabad. Nearly 630 participants were examined clinically for TW. Only those participants were selected who had age between 35-44 years. Informed consent was also obtained from them. Their socio demographic details were noted and along with this their TW was assessed with the help of smith and knight TW index and they also filled a questionnaire of OHIP-14 which was already translated and validated in the Hindi language. RESULTS: Clinical examination of 630 subjects along with the filling of the OHIP-14 questionnaire by them was done and after examining them we concluded that there is a significantly remarkable association between TW and OHRQoL and TW was also linked to other socio demographic details and various other lifestyle habits and dietary and drinking habits too.

CONCLUSION: With the scope and limitations of this study mentioned, it has thus been concluded that TW has got a direct association and a positive correlation with the OHRQoL. As TW was increasing, so were the OHIP values, which indicated a lesser OHRQoL. Thus this research focuses on the importance of maintaining healthy dietary habits and to treat the TW at an earlier stage.

KEY WORDS: Teeth wear, abrasion, attrition, erosion, abfraction.

INTRODUCTION

Wear is the gradual removal from a matter's surface which is in contact as a result of reference movement at the interface. Wear analysis is a typical procedure for determining the life span of any particle and wear has long been a curious topic in nanostructure materials and materials science. With multiple demographic research showing that dental wearing, particularly erosion, is rising in the normal community, wear emerged as a subject of debate and curiosity amongst dentists.¹

Teeth wear can be defined as multifaceted, multivariate phenomena which happen as a result of the interaction of various physiological, biomechanical, biochemical, and rheological aspects. The degree of wear of teeth is influenced by things including muscle activity, lubrication, dietary habits, and the kind of restoration done.²

Since the dentist particularly has greatest influence over the type of usage of materials, a significant amount of study has focused on enhancing the wear characteristics of materials used in dentistry and thus avoid unnecessary wear on tooth structure.³

Wear of teeth can be broadly divided into four categories -

1. Attrition - the deterioration of tooth brought on by contact of one tooth with another tooth during regular or dysfunctional function of masticator muscle.

Bruxism, which is marked by gripping, crushing, stiffening, or pushing of the lower jaw over a prolonged period of time, is the main key contributor to this phenomenon. This is already acknowledged that this phenomenon can happen while you are sleeping or not sleeping. While sleeping we can call it as sleep bruxism while when one is awake it is referred as awake bruxism. Although the cause of this is uncertain, it is most likely complex involving many factors. All those factors can be as follows - if a person belongs to a younger age group then there are more chances of having bruxism, also females are noted to have had more bruxism as compared to males, those who have a regular and frequent intake of tobacco products, alcohol and caffeine products intake then there are higher chances of having bruxism, most common reason being stressful situations and anxious individuals have a tendency to have bruxism. Some medications also might lead to bruxism. Dentinal layer may become visible as soon as the outermost layer of enamel had been damaged. As a consequence, the area seems to be more prone to more wear. There is frequently a slightly rounded area because to the varying rates of the outermost and second outermost layer deterioration.(Figure-1)

2. Abrasion - pathologic dental wear caused by mechanisms which involve mechanics and friction of tooth with other materials. E.g. this happens while a person brushes his/her teeth. Thus we can say that an external element's contact pressures on a teeth cause this lesion. This could be a behavior, like the tendency to do brushing excessively vigorously or to bite on tough things like stationary and accessories.(Figure-2)

3. Erosion - the external or internal degradation of dental structure resulting from acid breakdown. E.g. damage caused to teeth by regurgitation of gastric acids or by acidic content present in diet. The main factor contributing to wear of teeth as compared to all other types of wear is erosion. It occurs as a consequence of acidic and chemical contents which doesn't have bacterial origin which demineralizes the outermost layer of enamel and further on the second layer's structural organization of crystals present in its framework. There can be many causes of erosion which may be external or internal. Some internal causes include some diseases such as GERD, bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. Those who have an intense habit of having alcohol also suffer from high rate of erosion. At times dehydration can also be a reason for having erosion. Some external causes of having erosion include high intake of drinks which are carbonated, some fruit based juices and some smoothies, some occupational hazards specifically lead to erosion also people who are associated with sports such as swimming.

Presence of acidic environment could be from an internal source or an external source or may be both can be the reason for etiology of ETW. Wearing on the palatal sides of the upper jaw is a frequent side effect of endogenous acidic dissolution. In such situations, the lower jaw anterior aren't typically affected. Incisal margins of upper jaw anterior may become thinner and more translucent as a consequence of external eroding. Additionally, the surface towards the cheeks and lips along with the surface towards the root of the teeth could also be influenced. As the condition progresses, the outermost surfaces may first show as scooped outward areas all around cuspal tips before taking an increasingly hollow type morphology. Alternately, dryness in mouth due to fewer amounts of water may be the cause of ETW .If a person takes medicines then that also can be a cause of dehydration in a person's mouth.(Figure-3)

4. Abfraction - pathological dental material loss brought about by forces of biomechanical origin. According to some theories, this loss was brought on by the tooth flexing under stress, which fatigued the outermost and second outermost layer away from the area of pressure. Latin origin that meant "to break apart" served as the source of the word "abfraction".⁴ (Figure-4)

Erosion (biochemical deterioration caused by internal or external acidity),attrition(loss of tooth layer brought about by adjacent teeth interaction) and abrasion(bodily harm brought on by substances not involving teeth) are three common multivariate causes of dental layer deterioration/wear.⁵ Straight, spherical, or highly curved polished areas on the uppermost surfaces of the teeth are known as teeth worn facets, and they could be the consequence of too much grinding of one tooth towards the other tooth.⁶ The tooth most usually influenced are lower quadrant posteriors specifically molars and upper quadrant anterior specifically incisors. Both upper and lower arches exhibit both sided and uniform dental wear.⁷,⁸

Indices are the most accurate approach to monitor deviation amongst teeth in massive populations. Regardless of the etiology, Smith and Knight developed the broader idea of evaluating worn that has occurred on a tooth per surface. If prevalent at levels over what is deemed normal, tooth wear, a biological phenomenon in and of itself, could have a crippling impact on OHRQoL. The extent up till which any individual appreciates the significant likelihood of having the benefit of life is what is meant by “QoL”.

The term “OHRQOL” refers to one's perspective as to how one's dental health affects every aspect of one's life and general health.

The most commonly utilized tool for assessing dental health as well as its effects on people's quality of their living the life is OHIP. Slade created a 14 item questionnaire variant of OHIP-49 because initial OHIP had 49 questions and was built on a conceptual perspective created by WHO which was modified for dental health by Locker. A 14 item checklist with self-reported functional impairment, pain, & impairment due to dental conditions is used to quantify these factors.

Therefore the aim of this dissertation is to find out what is the exact relation between TW and OHRQoL amongst a selected group of participants.

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Figure 1 - Attrition(incisal, occlusalsurface), Enamel loss

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Figure 2 -Abrasion (buccal surface)

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Figure 3 - Erosion (palatal surface)

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Figure4 - Abfraction (V-shape appearance)

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

1. Al-Omiri MK et al (2006)⁹ did a research to assess the impact of TW on QoL. For the investigation, seventy six participants with wear of teeth and seventy six placebo had been enrolled. Questionnaire which was used was entitled - Dental Impact on daily living to evaluate the impact of tooth wear on everyday activities and their wellbeing. In a cohort of patients, the extent of tooth wear was evaluated using an ordinal scale. The findings demonstrated that tooth wear had a discernible effect on individuals' happiness with their look, pain thresholds, dental health, overall efficiency, and ability for biting and swallowing. Through the study it was concluded that no matter how severe dental status is, tooth wear has a considerable impact on a participant's contentment with their dental status.
2. Smith WA et al (2007)¹⁰ conducted a study in hospital of Trinidadian University to assess the frequency and intensity of NCCLs in a collective gathering of patients. NCCLs are frequently observed in dental practice, with flexure, erosion, abrasion cited as the causes. This paper aims to determine the prevalence and severity of NCCLs in a sample of patients attending a university clinic in Trinidad and to investigate the relationship with medical and dental histories, oral hygiene practices, dietary habits and occlusion. Data were collected via a questionnaire and clinical examination. Other significant factors included patients who reported heartburn, gastric reflux, headaches, bruxism, sensitive teeth and swimming or had a history of broken restorations in the last year. There was also significant correlation of NCCLs in patients who brushed more than once a day or used a medium or hard toothbrush. Patients with vegetarian diets and those who reported consuming citrus fruits, soft drinks, alcohol, yoghurt and vitamin C drinks were associated with the presence of lesions. Significant associations were also found in patients with group function, faceting, clicking joints or those who wore occlusal splints.
3. Ahmed H et al (2009)¹¹ aim to identify contributing factors to NCCLs and the teeth where these lesions occur far more frequently. Study began in 2005 in the month of December and was concluded in 2006 in the month of January in the hospital of the district of Karachi. By using a questionnaire which was pre coded 95 participants with the number of teeth as 671 in total had their dental health examined. Permanent dentition participants who had NCCLs were included. Most of them used a moderate sized brush and a brushed their teeth in horizontal motion. They preferred to brush their teeth two times daily. Majority of them didn't have a habit of Bruxism. Premolars were the teeth most commonly involved with NCCLs. It was most common in middle age people.
4. Wang P et al (2010)¹² gathered a representative sample of 12-13 years school children so as to know what is the relation erosive wear of a tooth with factors that are related to a child's habits related to diet and the beverages intake. Dental erosion is now receiving greater focus as a result of the considerable changes in Chinese culture over through the years. Central incisor's incisal edge was the most prominently involved surface. Females who consumed carbonated drinks suffered from erosion due to this causative factor. This seemed to be a significant problem in that region according to the results of the study.
5. Barlett et al (2011)¹³ proposed a design of study to estimate link between intake of food and drinks having acidic content and ETW. Nearly 1010 people having mean age of 21.9 years were evaluated. Amongst them majority were females. Participants were asked to fill a questionnaire which was already validated. It had 50 questions enquiring about their habits related to diet. As per results there was a significant link between habits related to food intake and drinking water. Also those who possibly had heartburn demonstrated exposure of dentine from palatal side.
6. Al Zarea BK (2012)¹⁴ did an investigation in Saudi Arabia amongst adult population to assess the extent of loss of tooth surface and to assess what are the etiological and associated possible risk factors which increase the chances of causing teeth wear. In this study they took 400 individuals and they were asked to fill a questionnaire and then clinical examination was done to assess the for the extent of TW. Results showed that nearly 3/4th of population had attrition, nearly 90% depicted erosion, nearly 15% depicted abrasion and almost every participant amongst them showed various types of TSL. There was more TW in males. TW had multifactorial causes and amongst them diet was the most evident etiological cause.
7. Papagianni CE et al (2013)¹⁵ evaluated the effect of TW on OHRQoL. There were nearly 198 people included in the study. They were involved with four different types of groups i.e. those having teeth wear, those having painful TMD, patients with complete denture and rest as controls. To assess OHRQoL, OHIP Dutch version was used. Results showed a significant correlation between TW and OHRQoL.
8. Barlett DW et al (2013)¹⁶ proposed a research so that an overall evaluation can be done regarding prevalence of TW on each of tooth surfaces and also to assess possible etio logical factors in adults of Europe. Age group that was selected was 18-35 years. Study was done in 3187 participants and evaluation was done for risk factors with a questionnaire which was already validated. Maximum BEWE value for every scoreable surface was used to describe each person. Amongst various countries major differences were seen. Maximum score of TW was seen in UK. Trouble creating factors for TW included heartburn, continuous episodes of vomiting. There was a positive correlation between uptake of juices, fruits and TW. Nearly 29% showed effects of TW thus representing it as a common finding in adults of Europe.
9. Kumar S et al (2013)¹⁷ did a research in south India amongst children of schools. Age group that was selected was 11-14. Number of participants was 605 and amongst them 302 public school children and 303 private school children were taken. Framing of a questionnaire was done to note details regarding social class, practice regarding oral hygiene, various habits related to diet and possible etiological factors which cause erosion of teeth. In majority of cases (95%) only enamel loss was seen. Though the general prevalence of erosion of teeth was very low (nearly 8.9%). As a result it was seen that the children of private school were comparatively more affected by erosion of teeth.
10. Fotedar S et al (2014)¹⁸ explained OHRQoL amongst adults who visited OPD of PHD department in a dental hospital in Shimla and to find out association between status of dental health and OHRQoL. This study was done for duration of 3 months. This study was conducted amongst 351 participants who reported in college. After this inference was concluded all dental and periodontal findings showed an association with OHRQoL. Thus we can say that OHIP values showed association with dental status.
11. Abanto J (2014)¹⁹ assessed the risk factors associated with ETW specifically amongst children those who are suffering from the disease of cerebral palsy along with impact of TW on OHRQoL were also assessed. According to results, ETW was present in nearly half of children (48.3%). Also it was concluded that one of factors for ETW causation was that they consumed more than 2 days of intake of soft drink in a week, juices which came in powdered form, therefore as per this study ETW resulted in a negative effect on OHRQoL.
12. Liu B et al (2014)²⁰ did an analysis amongst adults in north west area of China to assess the occurrence of TW and the associated factors which cause TW. This study was questionnaire based. It included 704 adults. Study was done on participants who visited the hospital for routine examination. Also it was concluded through the study that TW is caused due to dietary factors. Therefore this study concluded that there is a relation between TW and diet pattern.
13. Visscher CM et al (2014)²¹ assessed relation between dental status and OHRQoL in a population. This study was done in a population of 1622 participants. Clinical examination was done and questionnaire was filled by them. For recording OHRQoL they used Dutch version of OHIP questionnaire. As per results there was a significant level of difference between various dental status groups. Also it was concluded that impeded dental status was directly related to worsening OHRQoL.
14. Pradeep Y, Pushpanjali K (2014)²² assessed the influence of dental health on QoL amongst patients who are visiting dental hospitals and private dental clinic. Questionnaire that was used was OHRQoL. Nearly 1200 participants whose age group was more than 16 years were selected with the help of sampling. As per results nearly 78% of participants seemed to have their QoL. Those who belonged to lower social class amongst them women believed that oral health of theirs was comparatively negative as compared to those of higher class.
15. Kumar S et al (2015)²³ assessed the prevalence and associated factors of NCCLs amongst children who belong to special needs. Numbers of participants were 395. They belonged to age group of 12-15 years. Results showed that because of usage of tooth powder or different ways of cleaning their teeth, comparatively tough bristles, horizontal brushing pattern, diet purely vegetarian and increased uptake of citric items lead to NCCLs. Nearly 22.7% of population was affected by NCCLs.
16. Hegde MN, Nireeksha (2015)²⁴ determined prevalence of TW because of diet related factors amongst people of South Canada. This study was conducted in a duration of 1 month in the city of Mangalore. Nearly 58.7% of population had TW with most of them having abrasion, attrition, abfraction followed by erosion. Males had considerably more TW as compared to females. Non vegetarians had considerably more TW as compared to vegetarians. Most TW was seen in age group of 56-65 years. Specifically in age group of 26-35 years erosion was seen(alcohol being the major reason for that). Hence through this study it was concluded that dietary factors plays a major role in causation of TW.
17. Deshpande S (2015)²⁵ evaluated severity, prevalence and knowledge amongst adult patients who visited dental college's hospital in Nagpur. A questionnaire was used which was already validated to assess occurrence, severity of TW. Along with TW, dentinal hypersensitivity and other oral habits were also assessed. Nearly 570 participants had their clinical examination done in which both males and females were there. Age group of 25-55 years was taken. Those who had TW 1 or 2 didn't have proper knowledge and were not aware of TW. Those who had grade 3 TW were having more awareness and those who had TW 4 their awareness was double as compared to grade 3.
18. Andrade FJ et al (2015)²⁶ determined relation amongst nutritional intake, wear of teeth and the quality of life of those children of school in brazil. Nutritional intake of a child was calculated with anthropometry with the help of BMI evaluation and TW was assessed with the help of indices of TW. After recording BMI it was seen that nearly 1/3rd of boys and girls were underweight. It was seen that those who were overweight had more TW in deciduous teeth while there was more TW in permanent teeth of obese children. Also there was correlation between age and TW.
19. Sanadhaya S et al (2015)²⁷ evaluated psychometric characteristics regarding OHIP-14 amongst population of Udaipur's rural and urban population and to evaluate dental status and effect on OHRQoL. OHIP-14 showed significant association with demographic details and also with number of missing and decayed teeth. Odds ratio was higher in males and urban population. Dental caries also had valuable effect on OHRQoL.
20. Li MHM, Bernabe E (2016)²⁸ came up with a correlation between TW and OHRQoL amongst population of adults in UK. Nearly 5654 individuals were evaluated for wear of teeth. Further their TW severity was divided into mild, moderate, severe. OHIP was recorded with the help of shorter version of OHIP-14. It was seen that those individuals who had severe TW had a high OHIP-14 score. If we assess for domain then psychological discomfort had most high score. Therefore there was a direct association of OHIP-14 score being higher along with severe TW. Hence it was concluded that TW was associated in a negative way with psychological effect in lives of people.
21. Antunes LAA et al (2016)²⁹ assessed risk factors which are related to bruxism and further finding affect of bruxism on OHRQoL in children aged 3-6 years. Those children were taken from preschools which were public from Brazil. There were case group and control group there were 21 students in case and 40 students in control group. There seemed no statistical significant association between bruxism's presence or absence or rest variables. Therefore we can conclude that bruxism of these children seemingly associated with issues of respiratory system, wear of teeth, carious teeth and malocclusion of teeth. Irrespective of the fact that bruxism demands proper attention in dental, bruxism seemingly didn't impacted OHRQoL significantly.
22. Masood M et al (2016)³⁰ examined factors that determine OHRQoL amongst people who were old in age in the country of UK. Population that was chosen were those who belonged to an age group of more than 65 years. As per older studies there was a medium relation between QoL and dental diseases in a survey conducted on a larger scale. Because there were caries that led to poor OHRQoL in aged people, but it didn't indicated their periodontal health. Main conclusion came out to be that along with aiming at prevention of any disease there is a continuous need for regular screening along with treatment in assessed population.
23. Vidyadhar MSB et al (2017)³¹ examined link between diet a person takes and if his/her habits related to diet were related to TW or not. This study was done in adults in age group of 18-30 years. For selecting cases, those participants were selected who were having TW. Clinical examination included assessment of TW with simplified TW index given by Bardsley in 2004. As per results it was seen that TW was more in cases. It was seen that cases had more fruits, drinks which were carbonated foods which were carbonated foods which were acidic, products composed of tobacco and also their brushing pattern was incorrect along with these habits they also used toothbrush with hard bristles hence concluding the reason for their TW.
24. Al-Allaq T et al (2018)³² determined range to which an association might be there between TW and QoL in participants who are local residents of nursing home. Examiner investigated extent of TW in each of them as per adapted TW index of Donachie & Walls and then further verbally enquired regarding GOHAI. As per results there wasn't any statistical significant demarcation between male and female TW but TW was positively associated to age and negatively associated to QoL.
25. Praveena J et al (2018)³³ found out how many people are affected with TW and how TW has an effect on OHRQoL. Along with TW measurement its impact on OHRQoL was also assessed in those participants who had considerable TW. As per results it was seen that nearly 40% participants had score of 2 in TW and nearly 20% participants had a score of 3 in TW. After measuring all dimensions mean OHIP came out to be 16.91 and nearly 36.7% population had moderately affected effect on OHRQoL. TW severity was 2 and with medium effect on OHRQoL.
26. Hegde M et al (2018)³⁴ assessed occurrence of TW in south west participants from and to identify various associated factors. This study happened in Mangalore. Nearly 1000 participants were assessed if they had physiological types of TW and along with this a questionnaire which helped them assess various etiological factors linked with TW. 40-60 years aged people had more TW. Males had comparatively more TW. Erosion was seen to be more in those participants who took alcohol and aerated drinks. Attrition was more in those participants who consumed tobacco on a daily basis and also those who had a habit of bruxism. Thus through this study we saw extent of TW and associated etiologies of that TW in that population.
27. Sterenborg B A M M et al (2018)³⁵ determined range of OHRQoL and how their oral and facial structures appeared in participants who had TW in range of moderate and severe. The advisory group showed that their values didn't change after an year. If we assess restorative group, in them values got better in that year. Thus we can say that only counseling patients and monitoring them doesn't bring any improvement in QoL. Rather restorative treatment is a better option.
28. Kumar A et al (2019)³⁶ determined association between erosion 400 occupational workers had because of their profession and OHRQoL. This study was conducted in factory workers of Bangalore. OHIP-14 was used to assess their OHRQoL. Almost half of population showed positive work practice related to behavior. Dental erosion was more in study group. OHIP score was less in study group. As a conclusion we can say that dental erosion was associated with occupation and OHIP-14.
29. Mehta SB et al (2020)³⁷ evaluated association between TW range. Nearly 319 participants were involved in the study and they were assessed by conducting a BEWE on them. Participants were taken from various other places of UK, Australia, and Malta. For assessing impact on QoL. Mean BEWE score came out to be nearly 6.7. OHIP came out to be nearly 1.84. There seemed to be a significant relationship between BEWE score rise and OHIP score in total. In the end we can conclude that as TW is raising it led to worsening OHRQoL.
30. Patel J, Baker SR (2020)³⁸ assessed relationship in TW and OHRQoL amongst adult population of UK. Nearly 5187 people were assessed for TW by conducting a survey of dental health of adults. As a result we could see that there was a significant relation between TW and OHRQoL. As TW was increasing impact of TW on daily living measured by OHIP was increasing. Individuals who were young seemed to have more secure impact on OHIP. Concluding thus that we can say that in such a large population there was a significantly less relation between TW & OHRQoL.
31. Al-Khalifa KS (2020)³⁹ found occurrence of TW in Saudi Arabia amongst adults and also to find out associated etiological factors e.g. socio economic status and demographic details. Nearly 83.5% population was affected by TW and nearly 58.8% had their dentin exposed. As per results sex and level of education showed a significant relation with TW. It was more in population. If we find out causes of TW, it can lead to prevention of severe symptoms and associated rising TW.
32. Soares ARDS et al (2021)⁴⁰ evaluated relation between hypersensitivity of dentine and both psychosocial and physical oral health impact. It was conducted in Brazil over the span of an year. Both interview and clinical examination was done by examiners who were calibrated and trained. NCCLs assessment was done by measuring TWI with the help of a probe. Nearly 197 adults were assessed. Out of them more than half of population had impact on oral health. More impact on oral health was seen in those adults who had dental hypersensitivity; more impact on specific pain dimension was seen amongst other dimensions. Dentinal hypersensitivity seemed to have more oral health impact.
33. Kalsi H et al (2021)⁴¹ determined association between QoL both specific and general wellbeing personality in participants having TW. Participants belonging to a age group 18 till 70 years were selected. Those participants were selected who were having TW. Those who were having higher BEWE score were further associated with older age and even worse QoL. After doing analysis of all variables, linear regression we came up with conclusion that QoL insight is a bit complicated and just TW increase is not the only factor which can lead to a decrease on QoL
34. Penoni DC et al (2021)⁴² investigated etiological reasons for NCCLs so that proper anticipation of NCCL can be done. This study also aimed to find out occurrence of NCCL. Nearly 501 people were analyzed. Nearly 62.5% population was affected by NCCLS. Amongst an age group of 15-39 years, males were having more NCCL especially those males who had less teeth and diet which had more acidic content. Thus NCCL was associated with demographic details, dental status, brushing patterns.
35. Kanaan M et al (2022)⁴³ assessed the range till where the altered for indicating related to health effects OHRQoL in adults. Nearly 570 adults were evaluated. Those adults were taken at an age of more than 18 years. Those individuals were selected who had molar contact on both sides. Participants gave answers to the questionnaire in which four different areas were covered. Results also showed that those who belonged to age group of 35-44 years who didn't receive proper dental care, who took carbonated drinks, whose teeth were sensitive and those who thought that morphologically their teeth have altered demonstrated lesser OHRQoL. Though we can say that TW was high in population but its effect on OHRQoL was less.
36. Lim SN et al (2022)⁴⁴ did an investigation on ETW occurrence and linked etiological factors amongst younger army professionals in country of Singapore. TW was assessed by BEWE index. Amongst them nearly 21% had TW. Etiological factors were GERD, TMD symptoms, food having acidic content, carbonated drinks, caries, hard toothbrush bristles. Therefore because a high population was at risk so everyone should be educated at a young age.

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• Universidad: Teerthanker Mahaveer University (Teerthanker Mahaveer University)
• Curso: MDS
• Calificación: A
• Autor: Dr. Rangoli Srivastava (Autor)
• Año de publicación: 2023
• Páginas: 102
• No. de catálogo: V1373671
• ISBN (PDF): 9783346910912
• ISBN (Libro): 9783346910929
• Idioma: Inglés
• Etiqueta: TEETH WEAR , abrasion , OHRQoL