This study was carried out on the evaluation of cadmium in chicken meat and offal in Bodija, Sango and Ojoo markets in Ibadan between July and October, 2015. The appraisal was aimed at assessing the cadmium that can be accumulated in the kidney, liver, intestine, blood, muscle and the feathers. Ten mature chickens were bought and dissected to remove the chicken meat and offal samples. This samples were oven-dried separately and pulverised into powdered form through grinding with a mortar and pestle. These were acid-digested for cadmium analyses using Buck Scientific 210 VGP Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed varying mean concentrations in the intestine (0.713±0.024 ppm), feather (0.702±0.035 ppm) and muscle (0.592±0.019 ppm) with low mean concentrations in the blood (0.426±0.032 ppm), liver (0.432±0.021 ppm) and kidney (0.352±0.027 ppm). Most of the chicken meat and offal samples were above the WHO guideline limit of 0.05 ppm. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) from the study was below 1 which is indicative that the general populace in this study area is not at risk. It is therefore recommended that regular biomonitoring should be carried out on chicken meat and offal locally and globally for the purpose of food safety.
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Chapter One - Introduction
- Chapter Two - Literature Review
- Chapter Three – Materials and Methodology
- Chapter Four - Results
- Chapter Five- Discussion
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
This study aimed to evaluate cadmium levels in chicken meat and offal in Ibadan, Nigeria. The research investigated the presence and distribution of cadmium, a toxic metal, within the chicken samples. The study also assessed potential health risks associated with cadmium consumption through chicken meat and offal.
- Cadmium levels in chicken meat and offal
- Sources and pathways of cadmium contamination in chicken
- Health risk assessment associated with cadmium consumption
- Variations in cadmium levels across different sampling sites
- Analysis of cadmium's impact on human health
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
Chapter One - Introduction: This chapter introduces the topic of toxic metals, focusing specifically on cadmium, its various end-uses, and its harmful effects. It outlines the study's aim and objectives, setting the stage for the subsequent investigation into cadmium levels in chicken meat and offal in Ibadan.
Chapter Two - Literature Review: This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of cadmium's properties, sources (both natural and anthropogenic), and its presence as an environmental pollutant. It details cadmium's behavior within the human body, including its uptake, transport, storage, excretion, and the mechanisms of its toxicity at the organ system level (kidney, bone, lung, etc.). The chapter also discusses cadmium's role in carcinogenesis, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, synthesizing existing research on heavy metal presence in Nigerian chicken meat and offal. This literature review lays a crucial foundation for understanding the potential health implications of cadmium in the upcoming empirical study.
Chapter Three – Materials and Methodology: This chapter describes the research methodology employed in the study. It details the study site in Ibadan, the procedures for sample collection and processing of chicken meat and offal samples, the analytical techniques used to determine cadmium levels, and the statistical methods used for data analysis. Crucially, it outlines the framework used for the health risk assessment, providing a critical link between the empirical data and its implications for public health. This methodical description ensures the study's reproducibility and validity.
Chapter Four - Results: This chapter presents the findings of the study, detailing the measured cadmium levels in the chicken meat and offal samples collected from various sites in Ibadan. It presents the data in a clear and organized manner, likely through tables and figures (though the specifics are not detailed here). The results show variations in cadmium levels across different samples and locations. Furthermore, this section presents the results of the health risk assessment, quantifying potential human health implications from the observed cadmium levels.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
Cadmium, chicken meat, offal, Ibadan, Nigeria, heavy metals, environmental pollution, food safety, health risk assessment, toxicology, human health.
Frequently Asked Questions: Cadmium Levels in Chicken Meat and Offal in Ibadan, Nigeria
What is the main topic of this study?
This study investigates cadmium levels in chicken meat and offal from Ibadan, Nigeria, assessing potential health risks associated with its consumption.
What are the key objectives of the research?
The study aims to evaluate cadmium levels in chicken samples, identify sources of cadmium contamination, assess associated health risks, analyze variations in cadmium levels across different sampling sites, and understand cadmium's impact on human health.
What are the key themes explored in the study?
Key themes include cadmium contamination in the food chain, specifically in chicken; health risk assessment related to cadmium exposure via chicken consumption; variations in cadmium levels based on geographical location and potential sources of contamination; and the toxicological effects of cadmium.
What is included in the Table of Contents?
The table of contents includes an introduction, a literature review, materials and methods, results, and a discussion.
What does the literature review cover?
The literature review comprehensively covers cadmium's properties, sources, environmental presence, behavior within the human body (uptake, transport, storage, excretion, toxicity), role in carcinogenesis and oxidative stress, and existing research on heavy metal presence in Nigerian chicken.
How were the samples collected and analyzed?
Chapter Three details the methodology, including the study site in Ibadan, sample collection and processing procedures, analytical techniques for determining cadmium levels, and statistical methods for data analysis, including the framework for health risk assessment.
What are the key findings of the study (as summarized)?
Chapter Four presents the measured cadmium levels in chicken meat and offal samples from various Ibadan sites, showing variations in levels across samples and locations, and quantifies potential human health implications based on observed cadmium levels.
What are the keywords associated with this study?
Keywords include Cadmium, chicken meat, offal, Ibadan, Nigeria, heavy metals, environmental pollution, food safety, health risk assessment, toxicology, and human health.
What is the overall purpose of this document?
This document provides a comprehensive preview of a research study, including the title, table of contents, objectives, key themes, chapter summaries, and keywords. It is intended for academic use, enabling structured and professional analysis of the study's themes.
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- Emmanuel Tyokumbur (Author), 2015, Assessment of Cadmium in Chicken Meat and Offal. Food Safety and Food Poisoning, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1363523
