This paper aims to elucidate the importance of TdaP vaccines in the prevention of pertussis, highlight the increased risk of this disease in adults, and underscore the benefits of using acellular vaccines over whole-cell vaccines.
This text underscores the escalating threat of Pertussis (whooping cough) in adults and its lethal repercussions on infants with lesser immunity. This has led to innovations in vaccine development, particularly the emergence of acellular vaccines like the TdaP vaccine that effectively combats Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis. This vaccine offers the advantage of fewer side effects compared to whole-cell vaccines and contains purified antigenic components of Bordetella pertussis obtained through various purification techniques.
The increased risk of pertussis in adults have become an important public-health issue. This contagious disease spreads to infants who have lesser immunity resulting in their death. Increased death rate caused the inventions of vaccinations to prevent this disease. Concerns regarding the safety of whole-cell vaccines used for pertussis treatment lead to the development of acellular pertussis vaccines like TdaP vaccines. This combination vaccine is 71-85% effective in the treatment of adults suffering from diseases tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis. These vaccines have limited side effects when compared to whole-cell vaccines as they contain purified antigenic components of Bordet Ella pertussis (Pertussis toxin, Filamentous hemagglutinin and Pertactin) that are obtained by the purification techniques Tangential flow filtration, Column Chromatography and Dialysis. These components are then formulated for purified vaccine production.
1. Table of Contents
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1 VACCINE:
2.1.1 HOW VACCINES ARE USED:
2.1.2 VACCINATION:
2.2 BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS
2.2.1 ABOUT BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS:
2.2.2 CAUSE OF DISESASE THROGH BACTERIA:
2.2.3 TYPES OF PERTUSSIS VACCINE:
2.2.4 PURIFICATION OF VACCINE
2.3 PERTACTIN (PRN)
2.3.1ORIGIN OF PRN
2.3.2 STRUCTURE OF PRN
2.4 FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTION(FHA)
2.4.1 ABOUT FHA
2.4.2 NUCLEOTIDE SEQUCENCE OF FHA
3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
3.1 AIM OF REVIEW:
3.2 MICROBIOLOGY OF BORDETELLA SPECIES:
3.3 MECHANISMS OF PATHOGENESIS:
3.4 EPIDEMIOLOGY:
3.4.1 Global burden of Pertussis
3.4.2 BURDEN OF PERTUSSIS IN INFANTS AND TODDLERS
3.4.3 BURDEN OF PERTUSSIS IN ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS
3.4.4 TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS OF PERTUSSIS
3.5 IMPACT OF PERTUSSIS
3.6 POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS AND THERAPEUTICS
3.6.1 Nonmacrolide Treatments
3.7 IMMUNITY TO PERTUSSIS
3.8 VACCINES AND IMMUNIZATIONS
3.8.1 DTP and DTaP Vaccines for Infants and Young Children
3.8.2 DIAGNOSIS
3.8.3 TYPES OF VACCINES
3.9 PROTEIN PURIFICATION
3.9.1 AIM OF PROTEIN PURIFICATION
3.9.2 TYPES OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SYSTEM
4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.1TANGENTIAL FLOW FILTRATION
4.2 COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHIC SYSTEM
4.3 DIALYSIS
5. PROCEDURE
5.1 PROCESS FOR PT AND FHA PURIFICATION:
5.2 PROCESS FOR PRN PURIFICATION:
6. RESULTS
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