Politicians and Curruption. Role of Law, Election, Dictators

Trabajo Escrito , 2023 , 64 Páginas , Calificación: A

Política - Generalidades y teorías de la política internacional

Corruption is the most harmful thing to people, even though this is known and proven in many dimensions of human life, corruption lives deep in the human body, the desire for wealth, privileges, desires, for him many beautiful women and followed the man called politician, through voting in democracy he managed to control and decide on public assets, public money, the development of the business of making millionaires from the votes won by the citizens. Because when humanity is organized into classes, there is corruption, the majority they corrupted kings, presidents, prime ministers, ministers and deputies. Poor people in the Western Balkans manage to get rich from extreme poverty, many world presidents were corrupted, corruption is rampant in all continents where people live. So there is no human world that does not there is corruption behind it.

CONTENT

Abstract

POLITICIANS AND CORRUPTION

Corruption

Most Corrupt African Dictators in Modern History

World's Ten Most Corrupt Leaders

Which countries are a Kleptocracy?

The Post-Truth about Corruption in the European Union

Global Corruption Barometer

Confusion over corruption rules

A history of corruption

Pandora Paper

Blood and dollars

Trouble for politicians

First Amendment role of journalism

A fracas in Prague

Montenegro

Is there corruption in Serbia?

Does Albania have corruption?

Can a monarchy be corrupt?

Conclusion

Table 1

Table 2

Tabl3

Literature

Abstract

Corruption is the most harmful thing to people, even though this is known and proven in many dimensions of human life, corruption lives deep in the human body, the desire for wealth, privileges, desires, for him many beautiful women and followed the man called politician, through voting in democracy he managed to control and decide on public assets, public money, the development of the business of making millionaires from the votes won by the citizens. Because when humanity is organized into classes, there is corruption, the majority they corrupted kings, presidents, prime ministers, ministers and deputies. Poor people in the Western Balkans manage to get rich from extreme poverty, many world presidents were corrupted, corruption is rampant in all continents where people live. So there is no human world that does not there is corruption behind it.

Key words: Corruption, role of law, politicians, election, dictators

1. Politicians and corruption

On Transparency International's 2021 Corruption Perceptions Index, Kosovo scored 39 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("highly clean"). When ranked by score, Kosovo ranked 87th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector.

Table 1¹

This image has been removed due to copyright issues.

What are 5 corruption types?

Forms of corruption vary, but can include bribery, lobbying, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, parochialism, patronage, influence peddling, graft, and embezzlement

VOTE BEGGARS - MILLIONAIRE

1.1 Kosovo Situation

The will of the people has been the most productive business in Kosovo for 22 years, not only in solving the problems of the poor such was politician persons, who turned from politics into the leadership of the state. Business will is a dangerous phrase for the people and for democracy, which is in danger. When the people vote the unemployed persons and uneducated people to become professors with high benefits it was strange, it doesn't matter how harmful it is. Medieval person’s which was poor was transformed in Kosovo into owners of public money. The most important thing in this situation is public money and the fight for enrichment, our country is led by the unemployed, uneducated people, the political crap continues in Kosovo as a result of the lack of self-awareness of the people. The people have thus been turned into sufferers by these people, who cannot keep a village shop alive let alone anything else, but this does not hold, on the contrary, these people are richer and smarter than those who live from their own sweat, and through the private sector who have to wake up at 7 in the morning and work until 12 at night to stay alive. Why do these people/ who deal with politic have to wake up at 6 am? When they can wake up when they want and they can stay at work as long as they want and go when they want or they cannot go at all! The means of ruling the poor in Kosovo is politics, beggars of votes - millionaires and leaders of the people. Is it a problem with the people or the politically illiterate? The problem is the lack of self-awareness of the people, if there is no self-awareness it means that the people will suffer for the next 20 years. Political people who call themselves politicians, always thinking about business and existence are the ugliest thing that this nation has found, from vote beggars to millionaires, professors, ambassadors and directors of boards. The crisis of the state did not come from anyone, but they brought it on themselves, when everything becomes not serious in a state. The lack of seriousness has captured the state from the way of treating the state as a profit mechanism, the main problem is that the state and democratic re-composition is difficult to do for many reasons, state reform through a new political and democratic class is necessary, so it is "glass state", the institutional reformation cannot be done by these existing ones but by someone else who is not involved in games of enrichment and the struggle for power and not for serving the citizen. Begging for votes from unemployed politicians This is a non- democratic, non-civilizing phenomenon, after the war everyone was involved in politics, politics served as a means of influence and enrichment and advancement in social status in various institutions, this made the state trampled by individuals who held power for 22 years insulting and cursing each other, but the losers were the people, it is no coincidence that only in the local elections in 2000, about 70% turned out, this never happened again, the continuous decline of the electorate was due to dissatisfaction and lack of trust in the leadership , in the next elections, the turnout rate of the electorate dropped a lot, around 30%, in the 2001 parliamentary elections there was a decline as well, then the parliamentary elections in 2007 followed, only 42%, there was an increase only the last time in the elections of On October 6, 2019, it significantly increased by 44.5%, i.e. very little, but this electorate surprises the PAN and LDK parties very little. VV won only by 1% more than LDK, only PDK suffered a greater decline.

2. The trend of beggars for money and influence

This trend is becoming a problem that still has nothing to do with democracy, Kosovo is facing non-democracy, other unemployed people like VV want to be employed, they have now power, this group of dissatisfied people aims for work and employment there is nowhere else in the state, too bad, now the unemployed who failed in their personal lives and see salvation in votes, so new beggars of votes, have to go back to work. now this trend is destroying and will destroy the will of the people, even so small. The disappointed people want change, but the change does not come to the unemployed and the social categories that fight for enrichment with public money. Why do the people hire the unemployed and make them millionaires or rich with their own money This is a great tragedy for a people, it is a great disaster that has devastated the people, now a part of the citizens see the salvation of their children in leaving Kosovo, while some others have agreed to remain in Kosovo to live, this it is painful, this makes them that an exodus can be expected, a large number of professionals see themselves in the west where the west is the hope. Now everyone says we don't have time to wait for a democratic government for years, it's been 20 years and another 20 can go with a change of beggars for public money but without a solution? If an analysis is done, most of them turn out to have become rich without a foundation, and over 90% of beggars see salvation in public money where they enter work and live well. These people failed in the market economy, unable to open a village shop, continue to wander up and down the "neighborhoods" to seek salvation, if they don't have it, they have to flee the country. Without the ability of these people, they protect themselves with politics by trying to earn salaries, to employ their family members in work and to support others such as party members. Is this the work of the people or hypnotism, not singing or drunk This is a matter for study, analysis and survey. Maybe one of these works to make people understand what they want? Do they want professionally prepared people, do they want profiled parties coming from business or both combined? Do our people know what they want?

3. IN WHO’S HANDS WILL LEAVE THE STATE AND PUBLIC MONEY IN 2021

Is 2022 the year of hope or despair? Kosovo, as you know, is facing problems every year, the years went by, almost 23 years after the war, it gave no solving problems, confusion and no greater optimism that a democratic turn will happen in the country. The political scene for be one of those who for 23 years sees the state as a "cow to be milked", or as if it were a tree for you to collect the fruits but not to take care of it, keep it well and make room for the new year another r to collect the fruits. It is painful and piercing. The year 2022 was the year of the coronavirus and the overthrow of governments and the insatiable struggle for power and of those people who spend all day in coffee shops and in the evening go to televised debates to show why they deserve the vote of the citizens. While cafeterias and restaurants made illiterate ministers and deputies, in the time of the coronavirus, when it happened, it was done through Viber and Facebook. The bad tradition continues where politics serves as a means of enrichment and profit and to become known to the public, for whom the public should not return anything better but to get their votes. and to rule with their money. This bad democratic and backwards trend continues and will continue for a long time as long as politics is not stripped of its work and as a means of profit, that is, as long as politics is transformed into profitable tool from the citizen. Are vote beggars stupid?

This is the most stupid category of the society, why deal with loans and debts to open shops and economic companies, better to live from the cash of the citizens. Why should a deputy wake up at 7 o'clock in the office, it's better to wake up at 12 o'clock in the day and start work in cafeterias and kebab shops or restaurants, this is the luxury that brings politics all the good without any bad. So politics is a sacred and blessed tool for the ignorant and lazy in the capitalist system, Kosovo does not have a market economy or it is at the beginning of it, the state is the main employer and public enterprises, only RTK employs people who are not even known how did they go to work except when you see people or give news or do chronicles.

KEDS is also a company of problems; VALA 900 is protected from rogues - MPs from their fellow and erlier MPs or from the party. Valla 900 is the biggest company of political nepotism and family members of political parties. What if the embassies of Kosovo are full of political militants, ambassadors, civil servants across embassy, secretaries and everything.

Why didn't we see good days?

We can wait for the day of prosperity and democracy only when we politically take those who deserve to be taken and in the first place have done something very useful for themselves and their family with sweat and sacrifice and dedication to it. first build a healthy family for yourself, then to do a lot for the citizens. That such politics is not happening in Kosovo, this is also known, even for a long time with such a political mentality today I hope their citizens will build it thinking about migrating like pigeons and birds to warmer countries. The year 2021 The new year of challenges, first of all, the biggest challenge of the beggars of votes is how to keep the salary of the deputy as an individual in the first place and for the party, how much it wins for the percentage of votes, now there will be mobilization of the parties to count the votes, and again the leaders tell the commissioners who should vote and who shouldn't? This happens all the time in Kosovo, until again the leaders who push their commissioners to vote are never accused of stealing the votes. died and manipulated, but party individuals, ie commissioners, pay the price of their leaders. The second challenge is who do they have a coalition with? Now it seems that everyone will run away from the red lines because those who set the lines were forgotten and the deputies were left without bread and without the fat salaries they receive from the citizens, now there are no red lines, they have become green who remained red washed their hands and feet without soap and remains on the streets.

So the beggars and the biggest political angers have softened, no one is stupid, they put a red line on me and I'm left on the street without a job? These fools may not exist in this next election. So there are no fools, everyone has become illiterate, the red lines remained on the streets and the green lines are employed not only by those in the state, but also by their family members, their party members and party ambassadors who make them, so everyone they are drawn from the green lines. Now it is better to form a coalition with those who can get along to elect the new government and the new president of the state, so the next coalition has two bargains to make: the post of prime minister and the post of president. So the biggest battle is who is the first party that is given the right to elect the prime minister twice, if the winner did not do it twice, then the losers come together and make a coalition and share the ridicule, so who is stupid to lose the post of the prime minister and the president, if there will be such "normal" fools at that time who will remain in the constructive opposition and fight as soon as possible to overthrow the government again to go to the elections again, but his mind never goes away from politics and he opens a shop in the neighborhood or in the village, working on his own and benefiting from the money and not the citizen. The citizen of Kosovo had 7 treatments and more, so his skin is always regenerating. Those who were taken to The Hague are making private funds to collect money, there is no reason that the state is giving money for their lawyers, but they want to feel safer even after the prison or their acquittal.

4. Are we crazy and will we ever come to our senses

It depends on us- citizens, if we change the opinion that the unemployed should find jobs- and political parties to not add their people to work in public institutions or to employed their families to work , then we vote for people and candidates with a rich and uncorrupted biography, people who got rich with their own sweat and not with the citizens' money, this time we are mature and dignified adults and we don't give our money to people who beg for votes in vain and take advantage of the people. Those who have been running for the last three years will not be able to run in these 2021 elections convicted by the court, now that is your problem? Among the people of the parties there are full such people, first in VV removed less than 27 of them, in PDK more than 12, in AAK more than 10 and in LDK about 9 people. So it is not accidental why they did not find out about the date of the elections because they are reviewing whether they are on that list where they are not worthy to run for MP anymore? The VV is waiting for this review if the Constitutional Court gives additional clarifications about this election, if it does not hold them, then the elections will be scheduled in the first week of January 2021, if not then a crisis is expected even in the setting of the date and the Hoti Government continues with work.

Privatized Kosovo lands were sold at ridiculous prices. The same happened in 2009, when Ramush Haradinaj bought 200 hectares of state land for 75,000 euros. This is what he himself noted in the declaration of wealth that he makes year after year. This is due to having purchased state land at 3.75 euros/gold, significantly below the minimum possible for any land in Kosovo. Haradinaj himself confirmed the purchase of the land earlier to the media. He says "Yes, I bought 200 hectares of land with regular privatization procedures", said Haradinaj. Lands during privatization were all sold at ridiculous prices and were mostly bought by politicians or people close to them. Read Also: Haradinaj: No deadlines can be set for KFOR, Vucic should remove the barricades. Haradinaj: Let's spend the end of the year holidays in family peace and not at the barricades.

The price for land has gone up to 1 euro/gold, which was also accepted by the former of the AKP. Tens of thousands of hectares of land had been sold at ridiculous prices, mostly land taken from peasants during communism without any compensation. The same was sold after privatization to private owners, the fort of Kosovo at ridiculous prices.

- Today Moreover, vacant land has also been sold in cities. The Shock Absorber Factory, about 2 km from the center of Pristina, has been sold for 2.5 million euros.² This factory had 5.2 hectares of land. There, the market price is a minimum of 10,000 euros/gold, which in total only the land costs 50 million euros.³ Lands, cars and motorcycles - this is the wealth of Ramush Haradinaj In 2014, he declared a house and land, which he valued at 670,000 euros. Haradinaj in his declaration of assets for 2015 had changed very little compared to the declaration he made in 2014. In 2009, Haradinaj had bought 200 hectares of hilly land from the privatization done by the Kosovo Privatization Agency.⁴ For 200 hectares of land, Haradinaj had paid only 75 thousand euros or 3 euros and 75 cents for a bear.⁵ Haradinaj also declared 3 cars and a motorcycle, which he estimated at 68,000 euros. According to this declaration, the wife of the former head of Vetëvendosje has 85,000.00 saved in DNB Bank Oslo in Norway.⁶ The chairman of AAK, Ramush Haradinaj, from time to time talked about his wealth and the house in the "Arbëria" neighborhood in Prishtina. Haradinaj, in addition to the much-talked about house, owns land with an area of 200 hectares that is worth 75 thousand euros and was bought from privatization; he has a residential house with 210 square meters worth 140 thousand euros. However, property in co-ownership includes the family house-tower in his hometown, Gllogjan, worth 270 thousand euros and a land worth 27,300 euros.⁷

The President of Kosovo, Hashim Thaci, although he is considered the most powerful politician in Kosovo, he turned out to be no richer than his rivals and fellow party members. Based on the wealth that he declared to the Anti-Corruption Agency of Kosovo, Thaci has real estate worth over 600 thousand euros.⁸ He owns a plot of land for the construction of a house worth 157 thousand euros, a house under construction, which he sold for 280 thousand euros; in joint possession he has a seven-hectare agricultural land worth 180 thousand euros and also a house common in the value of 80 thousand euros. He declared his wife's car worth 9,000 euros as movable property, while cash in his bank account is 1,250 euros and his wife's 5,010 euros. Thaci also has financial obligations, a loan, which he took for the construction of the house. Of the 100,000 euros received for building the house, he still has 31,052 euros left to return. Last year turned out to be successful for the president, since during the past few years he had declared a loan of 100 thousand euros, this time it seems that he has 70 percent of the unpaid loan. President Thaci says that he has an annual income of 34,478 euros, which he receives as a salary as president, while his wife receives an annual salary of 18,000 euros for her work at a private university.⁹ While That's co-party, Adem Grabovci, did not declare his real estate this time. In the property declaration form, he declared two apartments, one 80 square meters and one 117 square meters, five different areas of land, a plot of 10 gold, another land of 3 hectares, another of 1 hectare, as well as a another of 50 gold, and another of 5 gold. He declared more than 10 thousand euros in cash. While Prime Minister Isa Mustafa has declared real estate worth 503 thousand euros.¹⁰ He has declared a residence, a house and 2.43 hectares of land. While cash held in financial institutions, the figure reaches the value of over 52 thousand euros. In annual income, Mustafa receives 16,173 euros salary from the Government of Kosovo, 15,439 thousand from the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo, salary from the Faculty of Economics 3,736 euros, from royalties 3,736 and the figure from work in the government reaches the value of 7,189 euros.¹¹ The prime minister's shareholding in a commercial company amounts to 80,000 euros. The former head of the Vetëvendosje Movement, Albin Kurti, according to the declaration of assets for 2016, it appears that he only receives a salary from the Assembly of Kosovo and that his wife has about 85 thousand euros in the bank. The annual income of the deputy from the ranks of the Vetëvendosje Movement of Albin Kurti from the salary of the deputy of the Assembly of Kosovo is 18,824.65.¹²

Ardian Gjini hides his construction company in the declaration of assets Prishtina, July 10 - The Alternative Party estimates that the report by kallxo.com that the mayor of the Municipality of Gjakova, Ardian Gjini, has not declared to the Anti-Corruption Agency that he is a co-owner of a construction company, together with the person who is officially indicted together with the former the mayor of Gjakova Pal Lekaj for misuse of subventions in the Municipality of Gjakova, is the best indicator of who and by which network the Municipality of Gjakova is governed.¹³ The alternative considers that when Ardian Gjini in his public appearances tried to distance himself from the deeds of Pal Leka in Gjakova, he declared that he is not the same as Paul. Doubts about his business, show the opposite. "Theoretically, it is true that Ardian is not Paul, but practically, Ardian behaves like Paul and misrules the same people as Paul." "For the citizens of the Municipality of Gjakova, this shows the mindset and objectives of a subject and structure which always behaves the same for violations, extortion, and benefits, acts with the same network and produces the same result", emphasizes Alternativa. The alternative considers that Gjakova, even worse than during the Lekaj government, today has the fastest degradation, the enrichment of municipal officials much faster, public insults and lies to the citizens of the municipality, while in record time the mayor Gjini managed to get even officially the defamatory title. The auditor's¹⁴ report, family and party employments, environmental degradation, construction permits against urban regulatory plans, abuses in the management of capital projects, best show the level of the decline of trust in a president who, for his own interests and those of his associates in business, also violates the penal code of the Republic of Kosovo. Alternative also assesses that after a year and a half of government, the time has come to demand the resignation of Ardian Gjin and the Alliance in Gjakovë. How much basis is there to believe anything produced by a President who in record time revealed his true face to all those who thought otherwise. Should we believe his statement about this business?!¹⁵ Anyway, the same man has an indictment together with former President Lekaj, while Gjini, with this fact, shows everyone that he is not only the same as Lekaj, but he is even more dilettante and light-hearted than Lekaj! One commonality cannot be denied: About crime and corruption the second are united!¹⁶

5. Corruption

The human world has been faced with corruption since ancient times; there are always some types of corruption that have affected the lives of peoples and states. No one was immune to corruption. Yes, the whole world is not corrupt, so you have to trust someone, today many world political leaders have been accused for corruption, some have never admitted to the public. First of all, when a corruption event occurs, it is investigated both by the press and by the prosecutor's office. Several times it has happened that the media have reported corruption, attempts to be corrupt. It has happened in Kosovo, Macedonia and Albania, Serbia,Montnego that the accusations may or may not have been based and without relevant facts, in these countries there is still no consolidated democracy and stable, responsible institutions. In Kosovo, there was slander and big accusations among politicians for corruption, degradation of personalities, degradation of human values, and the same situation happened in Albania and Macedonia, and this has an extremely bad effect on the public.¹⁷

According to Spanish media, Ancelotti, who is under investigation in Spain over his taxes in 2013 and 2015, coinciding with his first spell at Real Madrid, used a company in the Virgin Islands to manage his income image rights, something the Iberian fiscal authorities are investigating. Guardiola, meanwhile, is listed for a current account in Andorra from 2003 to 2012, but the coach has since taken advantage of a fiscal amnesty from the Rajoy government to fix his position.¹⁸

A massive document leak has revealed that dozens of former and current world leaders, plus hundreds more, have used companies outside their countries to hide wealth. The findings are part of an investigation conducted by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. They expose the various financial dealings of around 35 current and former leaders, as well as more than 300 officials, including: the King of Jordan, the presidents of Russia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Montenegro and the prime minister of the Czech Republic.¹⁹ Documents dubbed the Pandora Letters link Russian President Vladimir Putin to secret assets in Monaco, while Czech Prime Minister Andrej Babis is said to have failed to declare an overseas investment company he used to buy two villas., worth 16 million dollars, in the south of France.²⁰

Other documents reveal how the family of Azerbaijan's president, Ilham Aliyev, secretly bought properties in London worth $700 million using offshore companies. Aliyev's administration did not respond to requests for comment, nor did members of his family. According to the Pandora Letters, Jordan's King Abdullah has secretly bought properties in the UK and US worth over $100 million. But the King's lawyers have said that all the properties were bought with his personal wealth, which he uses to finance projects for the citizens of Jordan.

Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten

Tour de guet” (Watchtower) Anti-Corruption Report, published in February 2018, provided a clear picture of the situation in Africa regarding corruption in each country.²¹

The report aimed at setting up a framework to facilitate the exchange of good practices, identify the continent’s trend, gather comparable data on all countries and stimulate peer learning and further compliance with international commitments as well as preparing the ground for future Africa policy initiatives in the area of anti-corruption.²²

The group’s latest report ranked the Ghanaian President Nana Akufo-Addo, among the most corrupt leaders in Africa.

The report shows that the nature and scope of corruption varies from one country to another and that the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies is quite different.

It also showed how corruption is a phenomenon affecting citizens in African states, and how continued action is needed across the continent. The report says the Akufo-Addo administration came to power pledging to eradicate corruption in Ghana, but most of his close aides, appointees and some relatives of the President including his daughters and nephews are tied to corruption and corrupt acts. Nothing makes Ghanaians more furious with their leader than corruption and nepotism. According to the report, the President per his reactions to corruption allegations against his appointees is encouraging a cult of corrupt aides and appointees while he hides in a cocoon of not being in the know. The report states that, the idea that the current President can eradicate corruption as he promised during his campaign is fast fading into oblivion. The report said,²³ African leaders caricature on their so called anti-corruption advances the idea that corruption is Africans way of life and is thus a natural phenomenon. The report revealed that a brother, nephews and business friends of the President have taken over the country’s oil sector and have started initiating fraudulent deals in Russia, the middle east and some African countries in collaboration with a company owned by Gabon’s former oil minister Etienne Dieudonne Ngoubuo who is currently languishing in jail over allegations of embezzling public fund. The former minister was among the Npp’s external financiers. The report mentions businesses owned by relatives of the Ghanaian leader in Equatorial Guinea, Chad and South Sudan. According to the report, corrupt deals by officials at the Presidency and bureaucracy have made Ghana unattractive to investors.²⁴

The report also captures activities of Mamman Daura, who is Buhari’s nephew. The man described by the report as the new “corruption play boy in Africa”.²⁵ The report reveals that Daura was the source of that famous speech delivered by the Nigerian leader in which the words of Barack Obama, were plagiarized. The reports says, Daura is the defacto oil minister in Nigeria and has hijacked the presidency. The report also captures how Daura and Abba Kyari used their positions in government to suppress information gathered about the $25 billion oil deal in Nigeria.²⁶

Other African leaders whose activities were captured in the report include Idris Derby, Paul Biya, Nguema among others.

Meanwhile Ghana dropped by 3 points in the corruption perception index by Transparency International to land on 40 and dropped in the ranking from 70 to 81st. Ghana was ranked seventh in Africa in the Corruption Perception index for 2015 which was released by Ghana Integrity Initiative, the local chapter of Transparency International. In the 2015 report, Ghana scored 47 out of 100 and ranked 56 out of 168 countries. In the 2015 report, Ghana slided back by one percentage point from the 48 points scored in 2014 but was better than its performance in 2012 when it scored 45 and 46 for 2013. In the 2015 report, Ghana’s score and ranking showed that the country performed much better than several other African countries including South Africa, Senegal and Tunisia. It also captured that although Ghana in 2015 scored lower than six African countries, Ghana scored higher than all the rest of the African countries included in the report.

6. Most Corrupt African Dictators in Modern History

In all continents there is corruption and there will be always , in some countries more and in some less, countries with dictatorship are more likely to be corrupted, due to the greater concentration of power, dictators have more opportunities for corruption , in addition to the dictator, there is also a wide network of people, dictators turn the state into a mechanism of profit and satisfaction for themselves, in addition to following them, they can be very dangerous in building a state with a wide criminal network. Examples of corruption are not related only to one continent. But if we analyze the African continent and some individuals, then we will give some data as follows:

- When it comes to Africa both during and after colonialism, many countries can be known to have some of the worst leaders the world has ever seen, so it can be concluded for such countries. African dictators can be some of the richest people in the world and lead a country filled with the poorest. They can kill and starve their own people with impunity while lining their own pockets. They treat the land and the lives of millions of people as their personal playgrounds, making people work to increase the wealth of their leaders while facing brutal reprisals if they don't work.²⁷

Many of these dictators in this continent are in power due to military coups, manipulation with election and some continued to stay in power due to the proxy wars of the cold war. Even as the outright corruption was obvious, inflation skyrocketed and humanitarian groups were unable to function, these leaders were able to stay in power due to brutal enforcement of their regime. Unfortunately, this list is far from comprehensive as there are many other African leaders that can be considered just as bad or worse, depending on your criteria.²⁸

Francisco Macias Nquema of Equatorial New Guinea (1968 - 1979)

Franciso Macias Nguema was the very first president of Equatorial Guinea and he created a bad example for those that would follow him in this continent. First in 1964 he became deputy prime minister and then he became president, when he won the only free election the country has ever had in 1968. In 1971, Macias Nguema put forth a decree that bestowed all powers of the government and its institutions to him. On October 18th, 1971 he declared a order that anyone who threatened the president or the government would be punished with death. Insulting the president or his cabinet was punished with 30 years in prison. During his reign, nearly a third of the population was killed or exiled.²⁹

Francisco Macias Nguema -The dictator who had collected the state's money and kept it for himself, no one dared to ask him for money, not even for the payment of officials, was one of the tyrants and the most corrupt in the world, dangerous for the state and the past and basic human rights. Dictatorial leader who had wealth all to himself, seemed not to believe in ascendancy but only in money and wealth that he kept for himself and his pleasures.

Franciso Macias Nguema was a very paranoid man and one who would relinquish power to no one. He stayed in a hut in his ancestral village and kept the entire national treasury under his bed or in suitcases in his hut. He was also distrusting of anyone who was educated or appeared to be educated (wearing spectacles for example). So he killed or exiled anyone who appeared to be educated and it became very dangerous for anyone to have any books or written papers in their possession.

Francisco Macias Nguema hoarded the money of the state, never taking it out of his suitcases. Government officials and the national guard often went to great lengths without seeing any form of payment but they dared not ask for it. In 1979 members of the National Guard, including Macias Nguema’s own brother requested that they be allowed to take money from the suitcases to pay the National Guard. They were all immediately executed. It was this paranoia that eventually led to the end of Macias Nguema’s reign.³⁰

His own nephew, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, who was also a member of the National Guard, believed that it was kill or be killed and decided to overthrow his uncle in 1979.

General Sani Abacha of Nigeria (1993-1998)

A general who was successful in several areas, especially in the economy, but who shared the state's achievements with economic partners, was the most corrupt leader, for all those who dared to come forward and criticize the opposition, if they wanted to. other, he was a solution for him, dangerous for basic human rights, someone thinks that he was successful, but he was a harmful person in many dimensions.

General Sani Abacha ruled for only five years but during that time he operated a secretive and brutal regime that left Nigeria in absolute poverty. He obtained power through a military coup on November 17th 1993. The following year he issued a decree that gave him absolute power by placing the authority of his government over that of the courts. He also issued a decree that would allow him to imprison anyone for three months without trial.³¹

On the surface, one might think that Abacha had a successful presidency. He would be able to increase the country’s foreign exchange reserves to $9.6 billion by the middle of 1997. He reduced the country’s debt by $9 billion and reduced the inflation rate to 8.5% which had been previously getting out of control at 54%. His economic achievements were very impressive considering the dire economic straits that the country had been in prior to his leadership. However, the real story is very different.³²

Sani Abacha is considered to be one of the most corrupt leaders in history because of the amount of money he stole from his own country. The main export of Nigeria was oil and Abacha and his partners took control of nearly every aspect of the industry. The country earned about $10 billion a year from its oil sales and it provides 80% of Nigeria’s government revenue, but that did not stop Abacha from siphoning a large percentage of that revenue for his own fortune. It is believed that he stole more than $4.3 billion from the government for himself in a country where the GDP per capita was less than $3,000. The general had abused for his narrow interests, for him it seemed that the development of the state and society was not important, he committed himself to get as much money as possible and to ensure a series of personal pleasures, the wide abuse greatly affects us the lives of citizens.

Human rights abuses were also rampant during his tenure as he was known to kill or imprison any political opposition to his control. Torture and lengthy imprisonments for minor crimes were common. Relatives of those who were wanted by the government would often be imprisoned in order to convince the wanted criminals to turn themselves in. Corruption is an ocean, the more you swim, even if you are a good swimmer, when you swim in an endless ocean, sooner or later you will drown in it.

[...]

---

¹ https://tradingeconomics.com/kosovo/corruption-rank

² https://kosovapost.net/ramush-haradinaj-bleu-200-hektare-te-shtetit-me-3-75-euro-arin-dokument/

³ https://kosovapost.net/ramush-haradinaj-bleu-200-hektare-te-shtetit-me-3-75-euro-arin-dokument/

⁴ https://www.albinfo.ch/presidentit-thaci-deklaron-pasuri-ne-vlere-600-mije-euro/

⁵ https://www.albinfo.ch/presidentit-thaci-deklaron-pasuri-ne-vlere-600-mije-euro/

⁶ https://www.albinfo.ch/presidentit-thaci-deklaron-pasuri-ne-vlere-600-mije-euro/

⁷ https://www.albinfo.ch/presidentit-thaci-deklaron-pasuri-ne-vlere-600-mije-euro/

⁸ https://www.albinfo.ch/presidentit-thaci-deklaron-pasuri-ne-vlere-600-mije-euro/

⁹ https://fax.al/news/4040207/thaci-shet-shtepine-ne-veternik-per-360-mije-euro, E enjte, 2 Qershor 2016

¹⁰ https://fax.al/news/4040207/thaci-shet-shtepine-ne-veternik-per-360-mije-euro, E enjte, 2 Qershor 2016

¹¹ https://fax.al/news/4040207/thaci-shet-shtepine-ne-veternik-per-360-mije-euro, E enjte, 2 Qershor 2016

¹² https://fax.al/news/4040207/thaci-shet-shtepine-ne-veternik-per-360-mije-euro, E enjte, 2 Qershor 2016

¹³ http://ekonomia-ks.com/sq/politike/ardian-gjini-ne-deklarimin-e-pasurise-fsheh-kompanine-ndertimore-te-tij

¹⁴ http://ekonomia-ks.com/sq/politike/ardian-gjini-ne-deklarimin-e-pasurise-fsheh-kompanine-ndertimore-te-tij

¹⁵ http://ekonomia-ks.com/sq/politike/ardian-gjini-ne-deklarimin-e-pasurise-fsheh-kompanine-ndertimore-te-tij

¹⁶ http://ekonomia-ks.com/sq/politike/ardian-gjini-ne-deklarimin-e-pasurise-fsheh-kompanine-ndertimore-te-tij

¹⁷ https://fax.al/news/4040207/thaci-shet-shtepine-ne-veternik-per-360-mije-euro, E enjte, 2 Qershor 2016

¹⁸ Pandora Paper,2022

¹⁹ Pandora Paper,2022

²⁰ Pandora Paper ,2022

²¹ Pandora Paper ,2022

²² AKUFO-ADDO RANKED AMONG 10 MOST CORRUPT LEADERS IN AFRICA, https://ghanapoliticsonline.com/akufo-addo-ranked-among-10-most-corrupt-leaders-in-africa/

²³ AKUFO-ADDO RANKED AMONG 10 MOST CORRUPT LEADERS IN AFRICA, https://ghanapoliticsonline.com/akufo-addo-ranked-among-10-most-corrupt-leaders-in- africa/https://ghanapoliticsonline.com/akufo-addo-ranked-among-10-most-corrupt-leaders-in-africa/

²⁴ AKUFO-ADDO RANKED AMONG 10 MOST CORRUPT LEADERS IN AFRICA, https://ghanapoliticsonline.com/akufo-addo-ranked-among-10-most-corrupt-leaders-in-africa/

²⁵ AKUFO-ADDO RANKED AMONG 10 MOST CORRUPT LEADERS IN AFRICA, https://ghanapoliticsonline.com/akufo-addo-ranked-among-10-most-corrupt-leaders-in-africa/

²⁶ AKUFO-ADDO RANKED AMONG 10 MOST CORRUPT LEADERS IN AFRICA, https://ghanapoliticsonline.com/akufo-addo-ranked-among-10-most-corrupt-leaders-in-africa/

²⁷ 10 Most Corrupt African Dictators in Modern History, https://historycollection.com/ten-corrupt-african-dictators- modern-history/10/

²⁸ 10 Most Corrupt African Dictators in Modern History, https://historycollection.com/ten-corrupt-african-dictators- modern-history/10/

²⁹ 10 Most Corrupt African Dictators in Modern History, https://historycollection.com/ten-corrupt-african-dictators- modern-history/10/

³⁰ 10 Most Corrupt African Dictators in Modern History, https://historycollection.com/ten-corrupt-african-dictators- modern-history/10/

³¹ 10 Most Corrupt African Dictators in Modern History, https://historycollection.com/ten-corrupt-african-dictators- modern-history/10/

³² 10 Most Corrupt African Dictators in Modern History, https://historycollection.com/ten-corrupt-african-dictators- modern-history/10/

• Calificación: A
• Autor: Blerim Burjani (Autor)
• Año de publicación: 2023
• Páginas: 64
• No. de catálogo: V1338509
• ISBN (PDF): 9783346847171
• ISBN (Libro): 9783346847188
• Idioma: Inglés
• Etiqueta: Corruption, role of law, politicians, election, dictators