This paper seeks to answer in which ways Esther Duflo contributed to the history of economic thought and whether she really has revolutionized the scientific landscape. To answer the question, the first step is to outline the general framework. For this purpose, I will provide an overview of Duflo's biographical career. In the following, I will discuss the method of RCTs and the historical progression of RCTs from the medical field to the social sciences and further explain the methodology itself. Afterwards, possible advantages and disadvantages of RCTs will be examined. In order to assess Duflo's concrete work and her influence on development economics in closer detail, the methodology of RCTs will be illustrated by the discussion of some of her works. Finally, I will evaluate her contribution to the history of economic thought within the field of development economics.
Content
1 Introduction
2 Short biographical introduction: Esther Duflo
3 Randomized Control Trials
3.1 How do RCTs work?
3.2 Development and history of RCTs and application to social sciences
3.3 Statistical biases in experiments and RCTs as a possible solution
3.3.1 The initial situation: reasons of statistical bias
3.3.2 How RCTs can solve problems of statistical bias
3.4 Further advantages of RCTs: substitute for counterfactuals and observational data
3.5 Criticism and limits of RCTs in social sciences
3.5.1 Lacking external validity
3.5.2 Threats to internal validity
3.5.3 Ethical concerns
3.5.4 Further weaknesses of RCTs
3.6 RCTs as the gold standard?
4 Examples of Esther Duflo’s work
5 Contributions of Esther Duflo to the History of Economic Thought
5.1 Esther Duflo as a figure of female empowerment
5.2 Linking theory and practice
5.3 Extending the scope of development economics
6 Conclusion
7 Bibliography
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