People are displaced by development projects, whether roads, rail transportation, water supply, dams and many other projects. While such projects can bring both benefit and costs on the community in the country. Accordingly, this paper intends to examine the urban development induced displacement and its consequences in Ethiopia. The paper used a detailed literature reviews in order to get adequate data. Besides, the paper used different theoretical models for better understanding of the issue. Throughout reading different literature, this paper realize that urban development-induced displacement has various negative consequences on displaced households. It causes health problems, loss job, food insecurity, socio-economic marginalization, weakening of social networks, and annihilation from social organizations.
The empirical findings also show that displaced households use different coping strategies to overcome the problems. Moreover, this paper disclosed that, the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia recognizes that appropriate legal implementation plans for resettlement during development projects and programs. However, on the ground there is gap in rehabilitating the displaced peoples in compensation and empowerment.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Paper Objective
3. Method (Source of Data)
4. Theoretical Models on Development Induced Displacement
4.1. Egalitarian Model
4.2. Voluntary Resettlement Model
4.3. Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction (IRR) Model
5. Empirical Findings and Discussion
5.1. Impacts of Urban Development Induced Displacement on Displaced Households
5.2. Displaced Households Coping Strategies
5.3. Government Strategies and Support for Displaced Households
6. Conclusion
Objectives and Topics
This paper aims to investigate the phenomenon of urban development-induced displacement in Ethiopia, focusing on its socioeconomic consequences for affected households and the adequacy of existing government support systems.
- The socioeconomic impacts of forced displacement on households.
- Theoretical models explaining displacement and impoverishment risks.
- Coping mechanisms adopted by displaced individuals in urban settings.
- Evaluation of the legal framework and government response to resettlement.
Excerpt from the Book
4.3. Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction (IRR) Model
This model of Michel Cerena is an attempt to identify the impoverishment risks intrinsic to forced resettlement. It also talks about the processes which can facilitate the reconstruction of displaced people livelihood. Without well planned and targeted policies, involuntary shift can end up in impoverishment and marginalization of the displaced. He proposed following eight points: (1) Landlessness: Land acquisition can result into de- capitalization and pauperization of displaced people. It disrupts the basics of displaced people by affecting their system of production, earnings and commercial activities. (2) Joblessness: Involuntary shift threatens the wage employment of affected people working in industries, service sector or agro industries located at rural or urban areas. (3) Homelessness: Displacement at times deprives the displaced of their shelter. Temporary homelessness is common feature in such cases and some faces this problem for longer periods. (4) Marginalization: Downward mobility is also one of the consequences of forced and involuntary shift, reason being the change in economic conditions due to relocation. The trend of slipping to the lower levels is called as marginalization. Reduced social, psychological and economic statuses are the visible impacts of marginalization.
Summary of Chapters
1. Introduction: Defines development-induced displacement and outlines its global and Ethiopian context as a consequence of economic growth projects.
2. Paper Objective: States the intent to examine displacement impacts, household coping strategies, and government intervention effectiveness in Ethiopia.
3. Method (Source of Data): Describes the qualitative research approach based on a review of literature, research papers, and government databases.
4. Theoretical Models on Development Induced Displacement: Explores frameworks like the Egalitarian Model, the Voluntary Resettlement Model, and the IRR Model to understand the dynamics of displacement.
5. Empirical Findings and Discussion: Analyzes the negative consequences of displacement in Ethiopia, survival strategies of the affected, and the gaps in government support.
6. Conclusion: Summarizes that current government policy is insufficient to rehabilitate displaced populations, emphasizing the need for comprehensive reform.
Keywords
Urban development, Displacement, Displaced households, Ethiopia, Coping strategies, Government support, Resettlement, Socio-economic, Impoverishment, Marginalization, Landlessness, Joblessness, Infrastructure, Livelihood, Policy.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this research paper?
The paper examines urban development-induced displacement in Ethiopia and its diverse negative consequences on affected households.
What are the primary thematic areas covered?
The themes include theoretical displacement models, socioeconomic impacts, household survival strategies, and an evaluation of government resettlement policies.
What is the research goal of this document?
The goal is to contribute empirical findings regarding the challenges faced by displaced households and to highlight the existing gaps in rehabilitation and compensation strategies.
Which methodology was employed to gather data?
The author utilized a systematic review of existing literature, including academic papers, eBooks, journal articles, and government documents.
What topics are discussed in the main body?
The main body covers theoretical models, empirical evidence of displacement impacts, various survival methods adopted by displaced families, and a critique of the legal framework for compensation.
Which keywords define this work?
Key terms include urban development, displacement, coping strategies, government support, and socio-economic marginalization.
How does the IRR model explain the risks of displacement?
The model identifies eight critical risks, including landlessness, joblessness, homelessness, and social disarticulation, which lead to the impoverishment of displaced people.
What does the paper conclude regarding government intervention?
The paper concludes that while the Ethiopian Constitution provides a legal basis for compensation, there is a significant practical gap in effectively rehabilitating and empowering displaced households.
- Quote paper
- Masters Tomas Tsegaye (Author), 2021, Urban Development Induced Displacement and its Consequences in Ethiopia, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1157962
