A ventilator is a device that provides cool air by moving the air in or out of the lungs, inhaling a patient who is not fit to smell, or breathing properly. In this paper, a resistive chest belt sensor-based mechanical ventilator is designed to provide the COVID-19 patient with the volume of air you need to deliver with the expansion of the patient's chest in need of more air. The resistive band sensor senses the expansion of the patient's chest and controls the solenoid valve attached to the oxygen compressor. The function of the respirator is tested with the MATLAB/Simulink tool with the help of a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Controller and a promising result obtained.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Mathematical Modelling
2.1 How is it work
2.2 Resistive Sensor Chest Belt
2.3 Resistive Belt Modeling
2.4 Modeling of the Solenoid Valve
2.5 Tidal Volume (TV)
2.6 Ventilator Air Duct Design
3. Proposed Controller Design
3.1 PID Controller
4. Result and Discussion
4.1 System Parameters
4.2 Simulink Block Diagram
4.3 4.3 Simulation of the Actual Belt Resistance to Reference Resistance with Patient Normal Breathing
4.4 Simulation of the Actual Belt Resistance to Reference Resistance with Patient Sudden Air Volume Inhale
5. Conclusion
6. References
1. Introduction
Ventilators are machines controlled by a modern microchip; however, patients can also be ventilated with a basic, hand-operated packet cover 1. Ventilators are widely used in orthopedic, home-based medicine, and critical medicine (as independent units), and anesthesiology (as part of a lubricant) [2-3].
Ventilators are now called "breathing apparatus", a term often used for them in the 1950s (especially "bird's respirator"). However, modern emergency medicine and clinical printing use a "breathing machine" to refer to a protective face mask [4 - 5].
In its simplest design, a well-ventilated ventilator includes a ventilator, air and oxygen equipment, several valves and tubes, and a usable or easy-to-use "patient" 6. The air intake is ventilated several times per minute to move the air in the room, or size, a combination of air/oxygen to the patient. If a turbine is used, the compressor pushes air through a ventilator, with a flow valve change strain to meet the patient's clear limits. When excessive pressure is transmitted to the patient, the patient will breathe inactively due to fluctuations in the lungs, the inhaled air is usually transmitted through a single directional valve within the patient circuit called the patient complex.
Ventilators can also be provided with patient monitoring and awareness parameters related to patients (e.g., compression factor, volume, and distribution) and air function (e.g. airflow, power failure, mechanical shock), stabilizing batteries, oxygen tanks, and controller. The pneumatic framework is these days is regularly inserted by a PC-controlled turbopump 7.
Current ventilators are electrically ventilated with a small inserted frame to allow for careful adjustment of the pressures and distribution signals to the needs of each patient 8. Adjusted and effective breathing apparatus makes the cool air dignified and appealing to the patient. In Canada and the United States, respiratory technicians are responsible for adjusting these settings, while biomedical specialists respond with maintenance. In the United Kingdom and Europe, the management of patient communication with a respirator is eliminated by primary care staff 9.
Since frustration can lead to death, air vents are provided with the basic components of life, and protection must be taken to ensure that they are especially strong, including their strength. Disruption is depleted of energy to support a sufficient amount of CO2 depletion to maintain a stable pH without the aid of machinery, muscle fatigue, or severe dyspnea. 10 Mechanical ventilators are therefore carefully designed so that no single sign of embarrassment could put a patient at risk. They may be equipped with hand-held braces to power the hand-operated breathing force, (for example, a mechanical vacuum cleaner). They may also have well-ventilated, open-air valves without being able to move as an enemy of the patient's unrestricted respiratory valve 11. A few frames are also fitted with packed fuel tanks, air blowers, or reinforcing batteries to provide cool air in the event of an accidental power outage or gas supply, and operating or requesting assistance if its components or system are shortened.
2. Mathematical Modelling
2.1 How is it work
At a normal patient breath, the reference resistance from the potentiometer R is given as input. When the patient breathing increases or become deep, the resistance of the belt increases because of that the voltage given to the solenoid valve increases so that more air volume will get out from the solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is attached to the oxygen compressor and the amount of air volume is controlled by the solenoid valve. The block diagram of the ventilator system is shown in Figure 1 below.
Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten
Figure 1 block diagram of the ventilator system
2.2 Resistive Sensor Chest Belt
The resistive chest belt is simply a belt with a resistor attached to it and when the patient's air breath increases the belt expands and the resistor length will be changed and also the resistance of the belt increases.
2.3 Resistive Belt Modeling
The resistance of the belt changes when the patient's air volume inhale increases. The change in resistance occurs because of the change in the length of the belt.
From the equation of resistance
Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten
The resistivity and the area are constants
Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten
When the patient breathing increases the length of the resistive belt increases and becomes
Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten
From this equation, we can simply get the new patient volume resistance as
Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten
2.4 Modeling of the Solenoid Valve
The solenoid valve is the device that controls the airflow from the oxygen compressor to the patient.
Let the solenoid valve represented by the first-order system
Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten
Where G(s) is the transfer function between the input voltage and output air volume.
2.5 Tidal Volume (TV)
It is a measure of air that can be inhaled or inhaled during a single breathing cycle]. This produces the elements that focus on the respiratory system, the respiratory muscles, and the machines that separate the lungs and chest. The average adult growth rate is 10% of the critical limit (VC), approximately 300-500ml (6‐8 ml/kg); however, it can rise to half of the VC in respiratory failure. The relationship between patient crying air volume and band length is considered equilibrium. The chest width of an adult aged b / n 30-35- and 1.55-meters high is 0.8 meters.
For normal berating the relationship becomes
Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten
2.6 Ventilator Air Duct Design
The air duct acts as air input and output and this system acts as a ventilator and the system diagram is shown in Figure 2 below.
Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten
Figure 2 Ventilator air duct model
The system has 2 check valves to control airflow in and airflow out as shown in Figure 2 above.
3. Proposed Controller Design
3.1 PID Controller
A PID controller is a device used in machine control systems to control temperature, distribution, compression factor, speed, and other rotation objects. PID controllers (less important key) use the input circuit control tool input and it is the most accurate and stable control.
PID control is a basic way of driving an outline to a specific area or level. It is a common universal method such as temperature control and application in massive and artificial cycles such as robot design. PID controls use circle control closures to keep the actual yield from the cycle as close to the target or setpoint yield as can be expected.
[...]
- Arbeit zitieren
- Mustefa Jibril (Autor:in), 2021, Mechanical Ventilator Design for COVID-19 Patients with a Resistive Belt Sensor, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1127990
-
-
-
-
Laden Sie Ihre eigenen Arbeiten hoch! Geld verdienen und iPhone X gewinnen. -
-
Laden Sie Ihre eigenen Arbeiten hoch! Geld verdienen und iPhone X gewinnen. -
-
Laden Sie Ihre eigenen Arbeiten hoch! Geld verdienen und iPhone X gewinnen. -
-
Laden Sie Ihre eigenen Arbeiten hoch! Geld verdienen und iPhone X gewinnen. -
-
Laden Sie Ihre eigenen Arbeiten hoch! Geld verdienen und iPhone X gewinnen.