The research mainly focuses on the culture of myocardium-derived stem cells as an alternative source of the cell materials for treating patients with heart disease.
Myocardial ischemia is a heart dysfunction caused by insufficient blood supply to its muscle tissue. This supply decrease can be related to the narrowing of coronary arteries, coronary thrombosis, or diffusive narrowing of arterioles and other small-sized vessels of the heart. Stopping the blood supply to the myocardium may lead to cardiac muscle necrosis (myocardial infarction).
Coronary arteries perfuse the heart and help transport the nutrients and Oxygen to metabolically active myocardium. Nowadays, myocardial ischemia, which is associated with atherosclerosis and coronary arteries obstruction, is the leading cause of death for both men and women, and according to the predictions it will remain so until 2030. Myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction, which is associated with coronary arteries diseases, can also happen to small animals like cats and dogs, which may lead to a sudden death or death while under anesthesia.
Because the heart of adult mammals has extremely limited regeneration ability and the lost cells are replaced with fibrous scars, there is a need for search for treatment methods that are aimed at restoring the structure of cardiac muscle after the ischemia.
Cell technologies are a promising treatment method for animals with myocardial infarction that restores its structure and contractile function. In the past 50 years there have been a significant number of experimental researches that deal with the cell technologies issues. As a result of the research, we understand that stem cells and their derivatives may lay foundation for developing the innovative cell technologies, at any stage of histogenesis. The spectrum of clinical issues that this kind of treatment methods is expected to help with is astounding.
However, the introduction of cell technologies to the clinical practice requires a thorough guide for protocols on how to obtain the stem cells, cell culture and usage, deep study of recipient organism and the transplanted cells interaction, close control of phenotypic and genetic changes in order to provide high quality and safety of the used cell materials in restorative clinical therapy of post myocardial infarction changes in the myocardium.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Materials and research methods
Research results
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
Research Objectives and Topics
This monograph investigates the biological properties of stem cells derived from myocardium, bone marrow, and adipose tissue and evaluates their therapeutic efficacy in restoring animal myocardium following experimental ischemic infarction. The study aims to optimize stem cell isolation and cultivation protocols and analyze their phenotypic, genetic, and immunogenic behavior during in vitro expansion.
- Immunophenotypic characterization of myocardium-derived stem cells.
- Evaluation of genetic stability and chromosomal mutations in cultured stem cells.
- Assessment of the cytotoxic effects of immune factors on stem cell cultures.
- Optimization of enzymatic treatment methods for effective cell isolation.
- Influence of growth factors (IGF-1, FGF-2, rhGH) and laminin (Biolaminin 521 LN) on proliferation.
Excerpt from the Book
RESEARCH RESULTS
When culturing the culture cells in vitro, they may change their phenotypical properties: morphology, expression of CD markers, karyotype. And the initial culture will have the most heterogeneity which is the result of all the original tissue cells being present that have the adhesive properties depending on the source where they were obtained from. During culturing, they are removed and the cells that are able to divide are proliferated. It also worth mentioning that every cell population has its own speed of division that may change the phenotypical peculiarities of the culture in the future.
At this moment, the cell cultures obtained from the bone barrow and the adipose tissue are well-studied. At the same time, the culture of myocardium-derived stem cells (CMDSC) as an alternative source of stem cells for heart diseases treatment is poorly studied. Knowing this, the first stage of our research was to study the phenotypical properties of the culture of rat’s myocardium stem cells in the culturing process. The obtained data shows the phenotypical and genetic stability of the culture with a safe usage in the future.
When studying the morphology of the rat’s myocardium stem cell culture we discovered that explanation method causes the initial culture to start growth from the pieces of tissue that was on the very bottom of the cultural plastic. The further cultivation has shown that the initial culture of adhesive myocardium stem cell of a rat is morphologically heterogenic and there were a moderate number of spindle cells among the dominant epithelioid cells.
These results can be explained by the variety of cell pool in the material that CMDSC was obtained from. According to Urbanek K. et.al. [107], Oh H. et.al. [78] the cardiac muscle contains three populations of proliferating cells: stem cells are located in the myocardium, as well as the endothelial cells and progenitor cells of smooth-muscle tissue, orderly placed in coronary vessels.
Summary of Chapters
Introduction: Provides the clinical context of myocardial ischemia and heart disease, identifying the necessity for regenerative cell-based therapies and the focus on myocardium-derived stem cells.
Materials and research methods: Details the experimental protocols used, including ethical animal handling, cell isolation techniques, phenotyping, cytogenetic analysis, and the methodology for modeling myocardial infarction.
Research results: Presents findings on the morphological and immunophenotypic evolution of stem cells, their genetic stability across passages, and the influence of various growth factors and substrate media on proliferation.
CONCLUSION: Synthesizes the experimental findings, confirming the therapeutic potential of stem cell transplantation and the efficacy of the optimized isolation methods developed during the research.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES: Lists the cited scientific literature and experimental studies supporting the findings of the monograph.
Key Terms
Stem cells, Myocardium, Ischemic infarction, Cytogenetic analysis, Immunophenotyping, Cell culture, Myocardial restoration, Proliferation, Aneuploidy, Growth factors, Enzymatic treatment, Regenerative medicine, Veterinary medicine, Biocompatibility, Tissue engineering
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary focus of this research monograph?
The monograph primarily examines the biological characteristics of stem cells derived from different tissue sources and their effectiveness in repairing damaged myocardium following experimental infarction in animal models.
What are the central themes discussed in this work?
Central themes include the phenotypical changes of stem cells during in vitro culture, genetic stability, immunogenic reactions, and the optimization of isolation techniques using enzymatic degradation.
What is the main research objective?
The core objective is to identify the most effective stem cell sources and cultivation conditions to enhance the structural and functional restoration of the myocardium in veterinary practice.
Which scientific methods were employed in this study?
The researchers used immunophenotyping (CD marker detection), cytogenetic analysis (karyotyping and micronucleus testing), histological examination, and comparative efficacy studies with different growth factors like IGF-1, FGF-2, and rhGH.
What topics are covered in the main body of the text?
The main body covers detailed protocols for cell isolation, the influence of culture media additives, the impact of immune factors on stem cell survival, and the histological evaluation of necrotic tissue reduction after transplantation.
Which keywords best describe this study?
Key terms include Stem cells, Myocardium, Ischemic infarction, Cell culture, Cytogenetic analysis, Regenerative medicine, and Growth factors.
How did the researchers model myocardial infarction?
They utilized a surgical approach involving the ligation of the ascending branch of the left coronary artery to induce reproducible ischemic injury in the animal models.
What role does Biolaminin 521 LN play in this research?
The study found that Biolaminin 521 LN significantly enhances the attachment, proliferation rate, and genetic stability of cultured stem cells compared to control media.
What conclusion did the authors draw about stem cell sources?
The authors concluded that myocardium-derived stem cells are the most effective at reducing necrotic tissue area compared to bone marrow or adipose tissue-derived cells in the experimental infarction model.
- Arbeit zitieren
- Vitaly Kovpak (Autor:in), Oksana Kovpak (Autor:in), Anatoly Mazurkevych (Autor:in), Yuriy Kharkevych (Autor:in), 2021, Biological Properties of the Stem Cells and their Effect on Restoring Animal Myocardium after Experimental Ischemic Infarction, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1043605
