Imagine a world where social barriers crumble and the power of transformation lies within reach. Delve into the captivating exploration of the Pygmalion myth, a timeless narrative that resonates through centuries and across cultures. From its origins in ancient Greek mythology, where a sculptor falls deeply in love with his own creation, to Ovid's reimagining in "Metamorphoses," discover the enduring allure of art coming to life and the complexities of human desire. This exploration goes beyond the familiar tales of Pygmalion and Galatea, venturing into the realms of Shakespeare's "The Taming of the Shrew," drawing fascinating parallels and highlighting key differences in the pursuit of reshaping another's identity. Uncover the core themes of transformation, creation, and the dynamics of power as we dissect the motivations and consequences of molding an individual to fit a preconceived ideal. Consider the ambitions that drive characters to undertake such profound alterations, and the ethical implications of such endeavors. Reflect upon the delicate balance between influence and autonomy, as we explore the fine line between shaping a person and stripping them of their true self. This analysis delves into the nuances of interpersonal relationships, exploring the impact of social expectations and the quest for individual agency. Discover how the story of Pygmalion continues to inspire and provoke, inviting us to question our own perceptions of beauty, identity, and the transformative potential within us all. Explore the fascinating interplay of classical myth, dramatic interpretation, and social commentary, and gain fresh insights into the enduring power of this archetypal narrative. Discover the potent themes of love, art, and the human drive to shape our world and the people within it, making this a relevant exploration for anyone interested in mythology, literature, and the enduring quest for self-discovery and reinvention. Examine the sources of inspiration behind famous works of literature, analyzing how themes of social mobility and personal transformation continue to captivate modern audiences.
The Pygmalion Myth
The myth
Bernhard Shaw takes the title of his play from a myth. There are two similar versions of it.
In Greek mythology, Pygmalion was king of Cyprus and fell in love with a statue of the goddess Aphrodite. Pygmalion went to the temple of Aphrodite and prayed for a wife as gorgeous as the statue. When Aphrodite heard him, she went to the home of he sculptor to see what all the fuss was about. She was delighted when she saw the sculpture and so she brought it to life. When the sculptor returned home he found it alive and threw himself at her feet. They soon got married, and Pygmalion didn’t forget to thank Aphrodite for his good fortune. Both brought gifts to her altar as long as they lived.
The Roman poet Ovid invented in his “Metamorphoses” another version: Pygmalion was a very talented sculptor. Venus was very angry because the Cypriot women weren’t worshiping[1]) her enough and so she punished them with making them lose their sense of shame. Pygmalion was so disappointed by the imperfections of the opposite sex that he decided to sculpt a beautiful female statue out of ivory representing his ideal of womanhood. After he finished this work, he immediately fell in love with his own creation. The sculptor clothed the figure, gave it jewels and prayed that his statue would come alive. The goddess Venus breathed life into the statue in answer to his request. The sculpture became a living girl named Galatea and Pygmalion married her. Shaw’s drama is based on the second version.
Another source of Shaw’s “Paygmalion” was Shakespeares “The Taming[2]) of the Shrew[3])”. Petruchio, the hero of this book, wants to heal his wife because she doesn’t stick to the norm. In order to do this he plays the tyrant and uses brutality and ruthlessness. After sche agrres to behave as he wants her to, Petruchio stops treating her in this way. After Eliza had changed her way of life Higgins goes on treating her nastily.
Similarities and differences
Of course the sculptor Pygmalion is Professor Higgins and the statue that comes alive is Eliza Doolittle.
In the myth the statue changes into a woman, Eliza also changes. First she was a flower girl without much money and by the end of the play she is transformed into a lady. Henry Higgins and Pygmalion both create something new and beautiful out of a kind of untouched and raw material. At the end of the story neither Higgins nor Pygmalion are the dominating characters but Galatea and Eliza.
One of the most important differences is Higgins’ attitude to women and his reason for changing Eliza. He alters Eliza for his own satisfaction and to win a bet. He is only motivated by his ambition to rid the uneducated girl of her dialect and to introduce her in society. After she becomes a lady he loses interest in her. On the other hand Pygmalion changes the statue into a woman because he desires a perfect woman and he loves her. The ending of Shaw’s “Pygmalion” is also different from the myth. Eliza wants to be independent and to live her own way, not as a creation of Higgins. They don’t marry like Pygmalion and Galatea and so there is no real happy ending.
[Handout für die Klasse]
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The Pygmalion Myth
Greek mythology
Pygmalion fell in love with a statue of the goddess Aphrodite and prayed for a wife as gorgeous as the statue. When Aphrodite saw the sculpture she brought it to life. Pygmalion and the woman married.
“Metamorphoses” by Ovid
Pygmalion was a very talented sculptor. Venus wasn’t worshipped[1] enough by the women of Cyprus and so she punished them with making them lose their sense of shame. Because of that Pygmalion was disappointed and decided to sculpt a female statue out of ivory. After he had finished this work, he fell in love with his sculpture. The sculptor prayed that his statue would come alive and in answer to his request the goddess Venus breathed life into the statue. Pygmalion named the living girl Galatea and married her.
Another source of Shaw’s “Pygmalion” was Shakespeare’s “The Taming[2] of the Shrew[3] ”. (German title: Der Widerspenstigen Zähmung)
Similarities and differences
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Sources: B. Shaw “Pygmalion”; http://www.britannica.com; http://www.ditto.com;
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[1] worship: the practice of showing respect for God or a god
[2] to tame: make something tame or easy to control
Frequently asked questions
What is the Pygmalion myth about?
The Pygmalion myth has two main versions. In Greek mythology, Pygmalion, the king of Cyprus, falls in love with a statue of Aphrodite. He prays to Aphrodite for a wife as beautiful as the statue, and Aphrodite brings the statue to life. They marry and remain grateful to Aphrodite.
In Ovid's "Metamorphoses," Pygmalion is a talented sculptor who, disappointed by the women of Cyprus, sculpts an ivory statue representing his ideal woman. He falls in love with his creation and prays to Venus to bring it to life. Venus grants his wish, and the statue becomes a living woman named Galatea, whom Pygmalion marries.
What are the key differences between the myth and Shaw's "Pygmalion"?
In Shaw's play, Professor Higgins transforms Eliza Doolittle, a flower girl, into a lady for his own satisfaction and to win a bet, not out of love. Higgins's attitude toward Eliza differs significantly from Pygmalion's love for his creation. Also, Shaw's "Pygmalion" has a different ending, as Eliza seeks independence and doesn't marry Higgins, unlike Pygmalion and Galatea in the myth.
What are the similarities between the myth and Shaw's "Pygmalion"?
Both the myth and Shaw's play involve the transformation of a "raw material" into something new and beautiful. In the myth, a statue becomes a woman, and in the play, a flower girl becomes a lady. In both stories, the creators (Pygmalion and Higgins) are eventually overshadowed by their creations (Galatea and Eliza).
What is the significance of Shakespeare's "The Taming of the Shrew" in relation to "Pygmalion"?
Shakespeare’s “The Taming of the Shrew” also deals with a character being healed because she doesn't stick to the norm. Petruchio, the hero of this book, wants to heal his wife because she doesn’t stick to the norm. In order to do this he plays the tyrant and uses brutality and ruthlessness. After sche agrres to behave as he wants her to, Petruchio stops treating her in this way. After Eliza had changed her way of life Higgins goes on treating her nastily.
Who are the main characters in relation to the myth?
Professor Higgins represents the sculptor Pygmalion, and Eliza Doolittle represents the statue that comes to life.
- Quote paper
- Anonym (Author), 2001, Shaw, Bernard - Pygmalion Myth, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/99611
