This paper connects the topic of feminist identity with national conflicts and compares two regions in Asia with current nationalistic tendencies. The paper focuses on the regions of Kashmir in Northern India and Mindanao in the Southern Philippines. This seemed appropriate, as both regions share a range of commonalities concerning their specific (post-)colonial development. The paper will investigate common – but also diverging – aspects by focusing on the Hindu / Christian 'self' and the Muslim 'other', the forced annexation by the state and the major political changes from the 2000s.
As a second step, the author decided to focus on the role of Muslim women in the conflict situations in Kashmir and Mindanao. While exploring female agency in religio-political movements in India during the course, this essay wanted to find out about its counterpart in the Philippines. In this regard, the guiding questions were: What different forms of female agency can be found in Kashmir and Mindanao?
How can Muslim women articulate their activism within a male dominated society? What are the prerequisites in order to enable emancipatory female activism in a conflict area? And what influence do Modi’s and Duterte’s hyper-masculine politics have on female agency? These questions will be approached by analysing the ethnographic research conducted in Kashmir and Mindanao.
Table of contents
1 Introduction: Why did I choose the topic?
2 Relevant aspects of colonialsm and post-colonialsm in Kashmir and Mindanao
2.1 The Hindu / Christian ‘self and the Muslim ‘other'
2.2 Forced annexation by the Indian and Philippine state
2.3 Major changes from the 2000s
3 The role of women in Kashmir and Mindanao
3.1 Demonstrations of Kashmiri women
3.2 Daughters of Faith
3.3 Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons (APDP)
3.4 NGO approach in Mindanao
4 Conlusion
5 Bibliography
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