Today, the information demand about the sustainability related performance of companies is higher than ever. Share- as well as stakeholders require transparent information to be able to evaluate and compare companies on the basis of their sustainability performance. The research aim of this thesis is to distinguish the three most dominant reporting frameworks in 2020. Their ability to provide share- and stakeholders with comprehensive insights about the sustainability performance of companies will be analysed. The frameworks considered are GRI, SASB and TCFD. The expectations of share- and stakeholders towards sustainability information have been defined on the basis of four chosen representatives (WWF, EU, BlackRock and Norges Bank Investment Management) alongside the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Their expectations have been compared to the three reporting frameworks, on their ability to meet these. Based on the analysis, the GRI reporting framework shows the most comprehensive format of the three compared frameworks. Compared to SASB and TCFD, GRI is also the only framework that does have a global reach and covers all aspects of the triple bottom line of sustainability reporting. SASB is limited with it´s focus on the financial filing format for public companies in the U.S. and TCFD with it´s focus on the financial impact of climate change.
Contents
List of tables
List of abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Research Objective
3. Development of the sustainability movement for companies
3.1. Link between Sustainability and CSR
3.2. Link between Sustainability and ESG
4. Reporting on Sustainability
4.1. Organizations
4.2. Countries
4.3. Rating Agencies
5. Most Dominant Reporting Frameworks
5.1. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
5.2. Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB)
5.3. Task-Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD)
6. Share- and Stakeholders
6.1. Definition
6.2. Information demand representatives
6.2.1. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
6.2.2. European Union (EU)
6.2.3. BlackRock
6.2.4. Norges Bank Investment Management (NBIM)
7. Analysis on how sustainability reporting frameworks meet information needs
7.1. View on materiality
7.1.1. View on materiality - GRI
7.1.2. View on materiality - SASB
7.1.3. View on materiality - TCFD
7.2. Sustainability performance information
7.2.1. Sustainability Performance - GRI
7.2.2. Sustainability Performance - SASB
7.2.3. Sustainability Performance - TCFD
8. Result and Discussion
9. Conclusion
Reference list/ Bibliography
Appendix 1: UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Appendix 2: Double Materiality Perspective of the European Union
Appendix 3: Mapping table of the SDGs to the reporting framework categories
Appendix 4: Mapping table of the SDGs to the GRI Performance Indicators
Appendix 5: SDGs mapping table GRI to share- and stakeholders
Appendix 6: SDGs mapping table SASB to share- and stakeholders
Appendix 7: SDGs mapping table TCFD to share- and stakeholders
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