Jim Crow and the Soul. African American Vernacular English (AAVE) in Soul Music During the 1960s and 1970s

Bachelor Thesis , 2016 , 43 Pages , Grade: 1,3

English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics

The question that will be addressed in this thesis is whether dialect choice in soul music from Memphis and Detroit was, with regard to commercial success, stronger than the mostly homogeneous character of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) across all regions of the US.

A detailed linguistic analysis of a selection of songs from Motown and Stax will try to investigate the extent to which that artists from Detroit did adapt their language habits to their surrounding white fellow citizens. This might be even more interesting for northern blacks who moved away from their dialect roots in the South.

With respect to a separation from the white population, which can at least be assumed for the artists' childhood and early adulthood, it appears necessary to look at certain features that were either kept or lost. In addition, the analysis will try to connect the commercial success of all included songs and artists to the language habits of the performers.

First, some background for this paper's study will be provided, including the social implications of AAVE and the reference studies for the analysis. Then, the relevant phonological and grammatical variables will be listed and explained. These variables will be, with regard to the Motown and Stax data sets, analyzed in detail. Finally, the interpretation of the results will try to find an answer to the thesis of this paper.

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Background to the study
2.1 Social implications of AAVE
2.2 Reference studies
2.2.1 Phonology
2.2.2 Grammatical Variables

3. Analysis
3.1 Remarks on selected artists/songs
3.2 Motown
3.2.1 Phonology
3.2.1.1 Word-final consonant clusters
3.2.1.2 Word-final single consonants
3.2.1.3 Postvocalic /r/
3.2.1.4 Glide weakening/monophthongization of /aɪ/
3.2.1.5 DRESS/KIT merger
3.2.2 Grammatical variables
3.2.2.1 Multiple Negation
3.2.2.2 Suffixal –s absence
3.2.2.3 Zero Copula be
3.2.3 Conclusion
3.3 Stax Records
3.3.1 Phonology
3.3.1.1 Word-final consonant clusters
3.3.1.2 Word-final single consonants
3.3.1.3 Postvocalic /r/
3.3.1.4 Glide weakening/monophthongization of /aɪ/
3.3.1.5 DRESS/KIT merger
3.3.2 Grammatical variables
3.3.2.1 Multiple Negation
3.3.2.2 Suffixal –s absence
3.3.2.3 Zero copular be
3.3.3 Conclusion

4. Interpretation of the results

5. Conclusion

References

• College: Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel
• Grade: 1,3
• Author: Patrick Husfeldt (Author)
• Publication Year: 2016
• Pages: 43
• Catalog Number: V550889
• ISBN (eBook): 9783346178251
• ISBN (Book): 9783346178268
• Language: English
• Tags: jim crow, soul, music, aave, african-american vernacular english, african-americans, sociolinguistics, linguistics