This essay will utilize an integrative theological method to examine the theology behind African Traditional Religion and its use of juju in cases of Nigerian sex trafficking. An integrative theological method approaches theology by focussing on the epistemological sources of Scripture, tradition, reason, experience and community and their interpenetration. This essay is especially aimed at equipping those among African Christian diaspora communities as well as NGO’s in their work to assist Nigerian trafficking victims within Europe.
Reports of Nigerian and other West African women migrating into EU member states then being forced into prostitution are on the rise at alarming rates. This form of labor exploitation has been defined as sex trafficking based on the UN Trafficking Protocol and is considered to be one of the most urgent human rights abuse issues of our time. The methods behind sex trafficking carry distinct traits in different parts of the world.
There is, however, a particularly beguiling element to Nigerian sex trafficking - the use of juju (voodoo) rituals as a tool to mentally enslave victims. This element has captured the attention of both state actors and European society on a larger scale. This form of control has been especially challenging to navigate for law enforcement and NGO organizations within the EU, since the controlling factors are built upon belief systems that are radically different to their own.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- ATR, Oath Taking Rituals and Juju
- Scripture and Ancient Oath Taking Traditions
- Reason and the Supernatural
- The Experience of Juju
- Liberating Communities
- Conclusion
Objectives and Key Themes
This essay uses an integrative theological method to examine the theology behind African Traditional Religion (ATR) and its use of juju in Nigerian sex trafficking cases. It aims to equip those in African Christian diaspora communities and NGOs working to assist victims in Europe. The essay explores the intersection of religious beliefs and practices with human rights abuses.
- The role of African Traditional Religion (ATR) in Nigerian sex trafficking.
- The significance of juju rituals and oath-taking in controlling victims.
- The theological parallels between ATR and ancient Near Eastern traditions.
- The challenges faced by law enforcement and NGOs in addressing this issue.
- The need for an integrative theological approach to understand and combat this form of exploitation.
Chapter Summaries
Introduction: This introductory chapter establishes the alarming rise in Nigerian women being trafficked into the EU for sexual exploitation. It highlights the unique role of juju (voodoo) rituals in this context, a practice rooted in African Traditional Religion (ATR). The chapter emphasizes the lack of Western understanding regarding ATR and its influence on the victims’ experiences, and the need for an integrative theological approach to address this complex issue. It introduces the essay’s focus on equipping those assisting victims within Europe.
ATR, Oath Taking Rituals and Juju: This chapter delves into the cosmology of ATR, focusing on the beliefs surrounding ritual oaths and their enforcement by deities. It explains how the belief in the "withdrawal of God" and the intermediary role of deities and spirits shape the understanding of justice within ATR. The chapter details the workings of oath-taking temples and the power attributed to juju priests, who use supernatural forces to control victims. The chapter highlights the women's participation in the rituals, often out of a desire for prosperity, and the subsequent use of the power as a tool of fear and control by traffickers.
Scripture and Ancient Oath Taking Traditions: This chapter draws parallels between the theological worldview of ATR, specifically concerning ritual oaths and the use of supernatural forces, and the ancient Near Eastern (ANE) traditions. It highlights the similarities in the cosmological structure and practices of oath-taking, suggesting a potential historical connection. The chapter connects the ATR practices to a broader historical context, emphasizing the deep-rooted nature of the theological framework supporting these practices. It strengthens the argument for a need for more nuanced understanding within both theological and secular spheres.
Keywords
African Traditional Religion (ATR), Juju, Voodoo, Nigerian sex trafficking, Ritual oaths, Integrative theology, Human rights, Diaspora communities, Supernatural belief systems, Ancient Near East (ANE), Exploitation, Liberation.
Frequently Asked Questions: A Theological Examination of Juju and Nigerian Sex Trafficking
What is the main topic of this essay?
This essay uses an integrative theological method to examine the theology behind African Traditional Religion (ATR) and its use of juju in Nigerian sex trafficking cases. It focuses on the intersection of religious beliefs and practices with human rights abuses, particularly in the context of Nigerian women trafficked to the EU for sexual exploitation.
What are the key themes explored in the essay?
Key themes include the role of ATR in Nigerian sex trafficking, the significance of juju rituals and oath-taking in controlling victims, theological parallels between ATR and ancient Near Eastern traditions, challenges faced by law enforcement and NGOs, and the need for an integrative theological approach to understand and combat this exploitation.
What is the purpose of the essay?
The essay aims to equip those in African Christian diaspora communities and NGOs working to assist victims of sex trafficking in Europe. It seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the religious and cultural context of this issue to improve intervention strategies.
How does the essay approach the topic?
The essay employs an integrative theological method, drawing on various sources and perspectives to understand the complex interplay of religious beliefs, cultural practices, and human rights violations. It examines the theological framework within ATR, compares it to ancient Near Eastern traditions, and considers the practical implications for combating sex trafficking.
What role does Juju play in Nigerian sex trafficking?
Juju, a form of voodoo rooted in ATR, is used to control victims through ritual oaths and supernatural beliefs. The fear of supernatural consequences enforced by juju priests compels victims to comply with traffickers' demands. The essay explores how beliefs in the "withdrawal of God" and the power of deities and spirits within ATR shape the understanding of justice and contribute to the vulnerability of victims.
What are the key chapters and their contents?
The essay includes chapters on the introduction (establishing the problem and the need for a theological approach), ATR, oath-taking rituals and juju (exploring ATR cosmology and the role of juju), scripture and ancient oath-taking traditions (drawing parallels with ANE traditions), and a conclusion. Each chapter provides detailed analysis of relevant aspects.
What are the key findings or arguments of the essay?
The essay argues for a more nuanced understanding of ATR and its influence on the victims’ experiences. It highlights the need for an integrative theological approach to address this complex issue, emphasizing the importance of understanding the religious context to effectively combat sex trafficking. It also draws parallels between ATR practices and ancient Near Eastern traditions to provide a broader historical context.
Who is the target audience of this essay?
The primary target audience includes those working in African Christian diaspora communities and NGOs assisting victims of sex trafficking in Europe. The information presented is also relevant to law enforcement, researchers, and anyone interested in the intersection of religion, culture, and human rights.
What are some key terms used in this essay?
Key terms include African Traditional Religion (ATR), Juju, Voodoo, Nigerian sex trafficking, Ritual oaths, Integrative theology, Human rights, Diaspora communities, Supernatural belief systems, Ancient Near East (ANE), Exploitation, and Liberation.
- Quote paper
- Justin Shrum (Author), 2019, African Traditional Religion and Voodoo Rituals in Cases of Nigerian Sex Trafficking. Application of an Integrative Theological Method, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/489211
