Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is commonly grown in home gardens of tropical and sub-tropical countries. The fruit contains high levels of carbohydrates, protein, starch, calcium and vitamins. Jack fruit has diverse medicinal uses especially as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-fungal agent. Jackfruit is considered to be an underutilized fruit where most of the fruits get wasted due to ignorance, lack of post-harvest technology and gaps in supply chain systems. Jackfruit contains more protein, calcium, iron, vitamins and other essential nutrients, compared to common fruits. To find out the morphological variations among jackfruits in Kerala we conducted an elaborate survey and found out varieties using parameters such as tree characteristics, leaf characterises, fruit characteristics of selected samples as measure. Both qualitative and quantitative data were measured using field visit and standard methods and morphological indicators. After analysis of data morphological variations among the jack fruit samples were identified. This includes the morphological difference between fruit stalk leaf and branch leaves. In the fruits themselves, colour, shape and size are also found to vary among the samples. These variations may have some relationship to climatic factors such as rainfall, pH and soil properties. Morphological variations affect the selection of the varieties. Encouragement should be given to the marketing as well as creation of value added products from this underutilized fruit tree.
Table of Contents
- Chapter 1: General introduction
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Research objectives and hypothesis
- 3. Conclusions
- Chapter 2: Morphological diversity of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) varieties in Kerala: an overview
- 2.1. Introduction
- 2.1.1 Taxonomical classification
- 2.2. Review of literature
- 2.3. Hypothesis
- 2.4. Materials and Methods
- 2.4.1 Botanical description and varieties
- 2.4.2 Nutritional and vitamin composition
- 2.4.3 Study area
- 2.4.4 Sample collection
- 2.4.5 Morphological descriptors for Jackfruit tree classification
- 2.4.6 Statistical analysis
- 2.5. Results and discussion
- 2.5.1 General characteristics
- 2.5.2 Leaf characteristics
- 2.5.3 Fruit
- 2.6. Conclusions
- Chapter 3: Nutritional properties of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) varieties in Kerala: current state of knowledge
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.1.1 Taxonomical classification
- 3.2. Review of literature
- 3.3. Hypothesis
- 3.4. Materials and Methods
- 3.4.1 Study area
- 3.4.2 Data collection
- 3.4.3 Proximate analysis
- 3.4.4 Statistical analysis
- 3.5. Results and discussion
- 3.5.1 Estimation of dry matter & moisture content
- 3.5.2 Estimation of crude protein
- 3.5.3 Estimation of crude fat
- 3.5.4 Estimation of crude ash
- 3.5.5 Estimation of crude fibre
- 3.5.6 Estimation of nitrogen free extract
- 3.5.7 Value added products from jackfruit
- 3.6. Conclusions
- Chapter 4: Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) products and processing in Kerala: a comparison between small and large-scale industries
- 4.1. Introduction
- 4.2. Review of literature
- 4.2.1 Mature unripe fruit:
- 4.2.2 Mature ripe fruits:
- 4.2.3 Processed products
- 4.3. Hypothesis
- 4.4. Materials and Methods
- 4.4.1 Study area
- 4.4.2 Data collection
- 4.4.3 Statistical analysis
- 4.5. Results and discussion
- 4.5.1 Industry details
- 4.5.2 Total number of workers
- 4.5.3 Factory area and capacity
- 4.5.4 Government support
- 4.6. Conclusions
Objectives and Key Themes
This research aims to comprehensively study jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) in Kerala, focusing on its morphological diversity, nutritional properties, and the processing industries involved in value addition. The study seeks to identify variations within jackfruit varieties, understand their nutritional implications, and compare the practices of small and large-scale processing units.
- Morphological diversity of jackfruit varieties in Kerala.
- Nutritional composition and biochemical properties of different jackfruit varieties and parts.
- Value addition and processing techniques employed in Kerala's jackfruit industries.
- Comparison of small-scale and large-scale jackfruit processing industries.
- Market potential and challenges in the jackfruit value chain.
Chapter Summaries
Chapter 1: General introduction: This chapter provides a general introduction to jackfruit, its geographical distribution, and its importance as a food source and in various applications. It highlights the fruit's nutritional value and medicinal properties, while mentioning the underutilization of the fruit and its potential for further research and development in the medicinal and industrial fields.
Chapter 2: Morphological diversity of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) varieties in Kerala: an overview: This chapter focuses on the morphological diversity of jackfruit varieties in Kerala. Through a comprehensive survey and analysis of various morphological parameters (tree characteristics, leaf characteristics, and fruit characteristics), the study identifies significant variations among jackfruit samples, including differences between fruit stalk leaves and branch leaves, and variations in fruit color, shape, and size. The chapter explores potential relationships between these morphological variations and climatic factors. It emphasizes the importance of variety selection and the potential for enhanced marketing and value-added product development.
Chapter 3: Nutritional properties of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) varieties in Kerala: current state of knowledge: This chapter investigates the nutritional properties of jackfruit varieties in Kerala. Through proximate composition analysis of seven selected varieties, the study reveals significant differences in their nutritional content, including variations in crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, and crude fiber. The study highlights the nutritional discrepancies between popular and less-popular varieties, emphasizing the need for increased awareness of jackfruit's nutritional benefits and the potential for developing value-added products to improve food security and generate income.
Chapter 4: Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) products and processing in Kerala: a comparison between small and large-scale industries: This chapter examines the jackfruit processing industries in Kerala, comparing small-scale and large-scale operations. The study identifies various value-added products and their market potential. By analyzing production techniques, the research highlights the differences between small (often cooperative, women-led) and large industries concerning technology, marketing strategies, and challenges in the supply chain. It emphasizes the need for reducing post-harvest losses and improving marketing strategies.
Keywords
Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Morphological diversity, Nutritional properties, Value addition, Processing industries, Kerala, Small-scale industries, Large-scale industries, Market potential, Underutilized fruit, Bioactive compounds, Food security.
Frequently Asked Questions: A Comprehensive Study of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) in Kerala
What is the main focus of this research?
This research comprehensively studies jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) in Kerala, focusing on its morphological diversity, nutritional properties, and the processing industries involved in value addition. The study aims to identify variations within jackfruit varieties, understand their nutritional implications, and compare the practices of small and large-scale processing units.
What are the key themes explored in this study?
The key themes include: morphological diversity of jackfruit varieties in Kerala; nutritional composition and biochemical properties of different jackfruit varieties and parts; value addition and processing techniques employed in Kerala's jackfruit industries; comparison of small-scale and large-scale jackfruit processing industries; and market potential and challenges in the jackfruit value chain.
What are the chapters included in this study?
The study is divided into four chapters: Chapter 1 provides a general introduction; Chapter 2 focuses on the morphological diversity of jackfruit varieties; Chapter 3 investigates the nutritional properties of jackfruit varieties; and Chapter 4 examines the jackfruit processing industries in Kerala, comparing small-scale and large-scale operations.
What are the key findings regarding the morphological diversity of jackfruit?
Chapter 2 identifies significant variations among jackfruit samples based on various morphological parameters (tree characteristics, leaf characteristics, and fruit characteristics). Differences were found between fruit stalk leaves and branch leaves, and variations in fruit color, shape, and size were observed. Potential relationships between these morphological variations and climatic factors are explored.
What are the key findings regarding the nutritional properties of jackfruit?
Chapter 3 reveals significant differences in the nutritional content of seven selected jackfruit varieties, including variations in crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, and crude fiber. The study highlights nutritional discrepancies between popular and less-popular varieties, emphasizing the need for increased awareness of jackfruit's nutritional benefits.
How does the study compare small-scale and large-scale jackfruit processing industries?
Chapter 4 compares small-scale and large-scale jackfruit processing operations in Kerala. It identifies various value-added products and their market potential, analyzing differences in technology, marketing strategies, and challenges in the supply chain between the two industry types. The study emphasizes the need for reducing post-harvest losses and improving marketing strategies.
What are the keywords associated with this research?
Key words include: Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Morphological diversity, Nutritional properties, Value addition, Processing industries, Kerala, Small-scale industries, Large-scale industries, Market potential, Underutilized fruit, Bioactive compounds, Food security.
What is the overall conclusion of the study?
The study provides a comprehensive overview of jackfruit in Kerala, highlighting its morphological diversity, nutritional value, and the challenges and opportunities within its processing industries. It emphasizes the need for further research and development to maximize the utilization of this underutilized fruit and improve food security and economic benefits.
- Quote paper
- Dr. Prem Jose Vazhacharickal (Author), Sajeshkumar N.K (Author), Jiby John Mathew (Author), 2016, Morphological diversity, nutritional quality and value addition of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) in Kerala, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/367582
