Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is commonly grown in home gardens of tropical and sub-tropical countries. The fruit contains high levels of carbohydrates, protein, starch, calcium and vitamins. Jack fruit has diverse medicinal uses, especially anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-cancer and anti-fungal activity. Jackfruit is considered to be an underutilized fruit where most of the fruits get wasted due to ignorance, lack of post harvest technology and gaps in supply chain systems.
Jackfruit contains more protein, calcium, iron, vitamins and other essential nutrients as compared to the common fruits. To find out the morphological variation among jack fruits among Kerala we conducted an elaborative survey and found out the parameters such as tree characteristics, leaf characterises or fruit characteristics of selected samples.
Both qualitative and quantitative data are measured using field visits and standard methods and morphological indicators; after analysis of data there is a morphological variation among the jack fruit samples identified. Advances in the genetic markers such as RFLP and PCR based methods are more reliable for identification of genetic diversity than morphological markers although each technique has advantages and limitations.
The objective of this research work was to estimate the level of genetic diversity and to assess genetic relationships among six varieties of jackfruit using the ‘rbcL gene’ based on PCR technique and RFLP markers. The partial sequence of ‘rbcL’ gene of six different Artocarpus varieties was used in the analysis. The size of amplified products was approximately 700 bp. After sequencing and sequence editing, sequence information on a 651 bp region was finally obtained for analysis. The alignment of sequences revealed two haplotypes out of 651 sites. The nucleotide frequencies are 27.96% (A), 29.47% (T/U), 19.69% (C), and 22.89% (G). Being one of the underutilized fruits in India, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam has promising leads to further scientific research and livelihood strategies. The study of rbcL gene using PCR and RFLP seems to be a promising tool in establishing genetic diversity among jackfruit varieties.
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Taxonomical classification
- 2. Review of literature
- 3. Hypothesis
- 4. Materials and Methods
- 4.1 Botanical description and varieties
- 4.2 Nutritional and vitamin composition
- 4.3 Study area
- 4.4 Sample collection
- 4.5 Morphological descriptors for jackfruit tree classification
- 4.6 Isolation of DNA
- 4.7 Quantification of DNA
- 4.8 PCR amplification
- 4.9 Data sequencing
- 4.10 Data analysis
- 4.11 Statistical analysis
- 5. Results and discussion
- 5.1 General characteristics
- 5.2 Leaf characteristics
- 5.3 Fruit
- 5.4 DNA isolation
- 5.5 Polymerase chain reaction
- 5.6 Molecular phylogentic analysis using 'rbcL' gene
- 5.7 Restriction fragment length polymorphism
- 5.8 Polymorphic sites
- 5.9 Analysis
- 6. Conclusions
Objectives and Key Themes
The objective of this research is to evaluate the genetic diversity of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) varieties using sequence analysis of the rbcL gene. The study aims to understand the genetic relationships between different jackfruit varieties based on their morphological characteristics and molecular data.
- Genetic diversity of jackfruit varieties
- Morphological characterization of jackfruit trees
- Molecular analysis using rbcL gene sequencing
- Phylogenetic relationships among jackfruit varieties
- Application of molecular techniques in jackfruit genetic studies
Chapter Summaries
1. Introduction: This chapter provides a general introduction to jackfruit, its importance, and the rationale behind studying its genetic diversity. It sets the stage for the research by highlighting the lack of comprehensive genetic studies on jackfruit varieties and emphasizes the potential benefits of understanding their genetic relationships for improvement and conservation efforts. The chapter also includes a brief overview of the jackfruit's taxonomic classification.
2. Review of literature: This chapter presents a comprehensive review of existing literature on jackfruit, focusing on previous studies related to its genetic diversity, morphological variations, and the use of molecular markers for characterization. It lays the groundwork for the current research by summarizing the state of knowledge in the field and identifying any gaps in existing research that the present study aims to address.
3. Hypothesis: This section concisely states the research hypothesis, proposing a specific prediction about the genetic diversity observed among the different jackfruit varieties. The hypothesis is crucial as it guides the experimental design and data analysis process. It provides a clear, testable statement that the research will either support or refute. This will inform whether there is a strong genetic distinction among examined samples.
4. Materials and Methods: This chapter details the materials and methods used in the study. This section provides a comprehensive description of the sample collection process, including information on the study area, sample selection, and the number of samples analyzed. It also includes a detailed explanation of the molecular techniques employed, such as DNA extraction, PCR amplification, sequencing, and data analysis methods. Providing comprehensive information ensures transparency and reproducibility of this research.
5. Results and discussion: This chapter presents the results obtained from the study. This section includes a detailed description of the morphological characteristics of different jackfruit varieties and an analysis of the genetic data obtained through the rbcL gene sequence analysis. This section discusses the findings in relation to previous research and highlights the implications of the results for jackfruit breeding and conservation. The discussion ties the observations made from different analytical approaches, demonstrating a clear connection between the results.
Keywords
Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus, genetic diversity, rbcL gene, sequence analysis, molecular phylogenetics, morphological characterization, PCR, DNA, polymorphism, Kerala.
Frequently Asked Questions: A Comprehensive Language Preview of Jackfruit Genetic Diversity
What is the main objective of this research?
The primary objective is to evaluate the genetic diversity of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) varieties using sequence analysis of the rbcL gene. The study aims to understand the genetic relationships between different jackfruit varieties based on their morphological characteristics and molecular data.
What are the key themes explored in this research?
Key themes include genetic diversity of jackfruit varieties, morphological characterization of jackfruit trees, molecular analysis using rbcL gene sequencing, phylogenetic relationships among jackfruit varieties, and the application of molecular techniques in jackfruit genetic studies.
What are the key chapters and their summaries?
Chapter 1: Introduction: Provides a general introduction to jackfruit, its importance, and the rationale for studying its genetic diversity. It highlights the lack of comprehensive genetic studies and emphasizes potential benefits for improvement and conservation.
Chapter 2: Review of Literature: Presents a comprehensive review of existing literature on jackfruit's genetic diversity, morphological variations, and the use of molecular markers. It summarizes the state of knowledge and identifies research gaps.
Chapter 3: Hypothesis: States the research hypothesis predicting the genetic diversity among jackfruit varieties, guiding the experimental design and data analysis.
Chapter 4: Materials and Methods: Details the materials and methods, including sample collection, molecular techniques (DNA extraction, PCR, sequencing), and data analysis methods, ensuring transparency and reproducibility.
Chapter 5: Results and Discussion: Presents results on morphological characteristics and genetic data from rbcL gene sequence analysis. It discusses findings in relation to previous research and highlights implications for jackfruit breeding and conservation.
Chapter 6: Conclusions: (Content not explicitly detailed in the provided preview).
What methods were used to analyze the genetic diversity of jackfruit?
The research utilized molecular techniques, including DNA isolation, PCR amplification, sequencing of the rbcL gene, and data analysis including phylogenetic analysis and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Morphological characterization of the jackfruit trees was also conducted.
What specific gene was sequenced in this study?
The rbcL gene was sequenced to analyze the genetic diversity of the jackfruit varieties.
What are the keywords associated with this research?
Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus, genetic diversity, rbcL gene, sequence analysis, molecular phylogenetics, morphological characterization, PCR, DNA, polymorphism, Kerala.
What is the Table of Contents of this research?
The Table of Contents includes: Introduction, Taxonomical classification, Review of literature, Hypothesis, Materials and Methods (including detailed subsections on botanical description, nutritional composition, study area, sample collection, morphological descriptors, DNA isolation, quantification, PCR, sequencing, and data & statistical analysis), Results and discussion (with subsections on general characteristics, leaf characteristics, fruit, DNA isolation, PCR, molecular phylogenetic analysis using the rbcL gene, RFLP, polymorphic sites, and analysis), and Conclusions.
- Quote paper
- Dr. Prem Jose Vazhacharickal (Author), Jiby John Mathew (Author), Ajesh C Kuriakose (Author), Sajeshkumar N.K (Author), 2016, Evaluation of genetic diversity of jackfruit (Artocapus heterophyllus Lam) varieties based on sequence analysis of the rbcL gene, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/351290
