Determining the Accuracy of Urine Volume Calculations made by Stationary 2D B-Mode Ultrasonography

Research Paper (postgraduate) , 2014 , 76 Pages , Grade: A

Medicine - Radiology, Nuclear Medicine

This study was the first of its kind in that it fills the gap in the scientific data created by the absence of any investigation making a direct comparison between 2D-sonograhpic and true urine volumes. While most hospitals in the developed world now prefer to measure urine volumes with portable bladder scanners and 3D ultrasound devices, none of these technology are widely available in Bangladesh and other developing countries. Nonetheless, hundreds to thousands of ultrasound examinations involving the measurement of maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) and postvoid residue (PVR) of urinary bladder are done with 2D stationary ultrasound every day. Despite our clinical experience that these measurements are quite accurate and reliable, it was deemed essential to establish scientific evidence in its favour.

This observational study was done in the Dept of Radiology & Imaging at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period July – December 2014. 384 adult patients who came to BSMMU for ultrasound examinations were enrolled in this study and their true urine volumes were compared against that calculated using 2D B-mode ultrasound. The findings were analysed using two statistical approaches – correlation coefficient and limits of agreement. Calculation of the correlation coefficient was done so that the findings of this study could be compared with other relevant studies, most of which have used the correlation coefficient to assess the accuracy of the ultrasound equipment (3D or portable). However, Bland & Altman’s limits of agreement method is the standard statistical approach to assess agreement between two methods of clinical measurement, as determined by The Statistician, The Lancet and others.

Findings of this study show that bladder urine volumes measured by 2D B-mode ultrasound had high correlation (r = 0.96, 95% CI 0.955 – 0.969, P < 0.0001) and agreement (96.35%, LoA : -7.84 ± 53.05 mL) with true urine volumes. Sonographic urine volumes were accurate in both males and females, of all adult age groups and at all volume ranges including <100 mL.

Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
• Table of Contents
• List of Tables
• List of Figures
• Acknowledgements
• Chapter One: Introduction
  • 1.1 Background
  • 1.2 Rationale of the study
  • 1.3 Hypothesis
  • 1.4 Objectives
  • 1.5 Review of Literature
• Chapter Two: Materials and Methods
  • 2.1 Study design
  • 2.2 Study place
  • 2.3 Study period
  • 2.4 Study population
  • 2.5 Sampling technique
  • 2.6 Sample size
  • 2.7 Selection criteria
    • 2.7.1 Inclusion criteria
    • 2.7.2 Exclusion criteria
  • 2.8 Operational definitions
  • 2.9 Equipment used
  • 2.10 Data gathering instruments
  • 2.11 Main outcome variables
  • 2.12 Procedure
  • 2.13 Statistical analyses
  • 2.14 Statistical significance levels
  • 2.15 Quality assurance strategies
  • 2.16 Ethical measures
  • 2.17 Study plan flow chart
  • 2.18 Time table
• Chapter Three: Results
• Chapter Four: Discussion
• Conclusion
• References
• Abbreviations
• Appendix A: Data Collection Sheet
• Appendix B Informed Written Consent
• Appendix C: Master Data Table

Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)

This research study aims to determine the accuracy of urine volume calculations made by stationary 2D B-mode ultrasonography in adult patients. The study investigates whether this widely available and commonly used ultrasound technique provides reliable measurements of bladder capacity, particularly in a developing country context where access to specialized equipment may be limited.

• Accuracy of urine volume calculations using 2D B-mode ultrasound
• Comparison of sonographic measurements with actual voided urine volumes
• Evaluation of the reliability of 2D B-mode ultrasound for bladder volume assessment
• Assessment of the accuracy of the technique across different volume ranges and age groups
• Implications for clinical practice and resource allocation in developing countries

Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)

Chapter One: Introduction

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the background and rationale for the study. It highlights the importance of accurate bladder volume measurement in clinical practice and discusses the limitations of traditional methods like catheterization. The chapter also reviews existing literature on the use of ultrasound for bladder volume assessment, emphasizing the need to evaluate the accuracy of stationary 2D B-mode ultrasound in a developing country setting.

Chapter Two: Materials and Methods

This chapter details the methodology employed in the study. It outlines the study design, participant selection criteria, data collection procedures, and statistical analysis methods. The chapter also describes the equipment used, the operational definitions of key variables, and the ethical considerations involved in the research.

Chapter Three: Results

This chapter presents the findings of the study, including the correlation and agreement between sonographic urine volume measurements and actual voided volumes. It analyzes the accuracy of the technique across different volume ranges, age groups, and genders. The chapter also discusses any significant trends or patterns observed in the data.

Chapter Four: Discussion

This chapter interprets the results of the study in the context of existing literature and clinical practice. It discusses the implications of the findings for the use of stationary 2D B-mode ultrasound in bladder volume assessment, particularly in developing countries. The chapter also explores the limitations of the study and suggests areas for future research.

Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)

The keywords and focus themes of the text include urine volume, bladder capacity, 2D B-mode ultrasound, accuracy, reliability, developing countries, clinical practice, and resource allocation. The study investigates the effectiveness of stationary 2D B-mode ultrasound for measuring bladder volume in adult patients, particularly in a developing country context where access to specialized equipment may be limited. The research aims to contribute to the understanding of the accuracy and reliability of this widely available and commonly used ultrasound technique for bladder volume assessment.

• Grade: A
• Author: Muhammad Shoyab (Author)
• Publication Year: 2014
• Pages: 76
• Catalog Number: V289001
• ISBN (eBook): 9783656894186
• ISBN (Book): 9783656894193
• Language: English
• Tags: determining, accuracy, urine, volume, calculations, stationary, b-mode, ultrasonography