The following essay aims at depicting the European continent in the way it emerged from the ruins of he Second World War and how it presented itself in the immediate years thereafter. In a first step it will be shown how exactly the victorious powers of the war, namely the United States and the Soviet Union, set about re-shaping the continent along ideological, cultural and political lines. Secondly, the many efforts conducted in order to solve the continent's vastly economic problems will also be depicted. Finally it will be outlined in what manner these and other decisions can ultimately be perceived as the foundations of institutions which eventually led to the European integration process.
I.) Introduction
II.) Re-Shaping Europe after World War II
2.1) Europe in 1945
2.2) The German Question
2.3) The Soviet-Satellite System
III.) The Beginnings of the Cold War
3.1) Winston Churchill
3.2) The Truman Doctrine
IV.) Rebuilding Europe – The Marshall Plan
4.1) Need and Intentions
4.2) Assistance for Eastern Europe
4.3) Conditions
4.4) OEEC and Results
4.5) Soviet Response
4.6) Effects and consequences
V.) Additional Steps towards a European integration
5.1 The Brussels Pact
5.2 The Council of Europe
VI.) Assessment and conclusion
VII.) Bibliography
VIII.) Attachments
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