The long persistence of Pennsylvania German English for nearly
two centuries in an English-speaking territory which was settled
by English, Scotch-Irish and Welsh as early as by Germans , naturally brought about a certain contact between English and
German language that influenced both, the generally spoken English and the specific dialect formation that languages borrowed from
each other.
This paper is an attempt to show in how far this language
contact has caused mutual language borrowings, which were by no means restricted to vocabulary items but also extended to phonological and syntactic features, having as well influential effects on intonational patterns.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. The Pennsylvania German English
2.1. The beginnings
2.2. Geographical distribution of Pennsylvania German speech areas
2.3. Social Aspects of the Pennsylvania German society
3. Lexical borrowings
3.1. Adlexification
3.2. Relexification
4. Phonological borrowings
4.1. The consonants
4.1.1. Plosives
4.1.2. Fricatives
4.2. Vowels
4.3. Later and earlier borrowings
5. The Pennsylvania German Syntax
5.1. Preservation
5.1.1. The subject-object-verb structure
5.1.2. The finite verb remains in second position
5.2. Converge
5.3. Innovation
6. Intonation
6.1. The rising and falling of the terminal pitch
6.1.1. The rising terminal pitch
6.1.2. The falling terminal pitch
6.2. The rise-rise-fall pattern
7. Conclusion
8. Bibliography
-
Upload your own papers! Earn money and win an iPhone X. -
Upload your own papers! Earn money and win an iPhone X. -
Upload your own papers! Earn money and win an iPhone X. -
Upload your own papers! Earn money and win an iPhone X. -
Upload your own papers! Earn money and win an iPhone X. -
Upload your own papers! Earn money and win an iPhone X. -
Upload your own papers! Earn money and win an iPhone X. -
Upload your own papers! Earn money and win an iPhone X.