The Development of the English Modals

Essay , 2007 , 13 Pages , Grade: 2,7

English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics

The question about the grammaticalization process of the modal auxiliary verbs from Old English to Modern English is a highly discussed topic among linguistics and scholars today. It is undisputed that, in the English that is spoken today, words like 'should', 'could' etc. form a separate category, or rather a subcategory, 'modal' that does not only syntactically differ from the usual English verbs, but also morphologically. That is, of course with the exception of a few regional variations such as for example Scots, but since the main focus of this paper is on the standard British and American English dialects, those regional non-standard dialects will not be taken into consideration here.
For every native and average non-native speaker, it is natural that modals like 'will' for example don't take the obligatory inflectional ending -s in third person singular present. Or that 'should', 'would' or 'could' do not have past tense meaning, although the forms itself are actually a past form. And it is also natural that just those verbs, which we subcategorize as modals, will neither appear as infinitives with 'to' (*'I have to will'), nor do they require 'to' in combination with regular verbs (*'I should to go').
Today we instinctively know that those usual grammatical rules that regular verbs require to be followed in order to correctly be embedded in a sentence, don't apply to the modals. How did we get to this point, though?
In the following paper I want to take a closer look at how the modals developed from regularly inflectional verbs, that they still were in Old English, to this new category 'modal' which is no longer a full verb that can stand alone in a sentence, but more of a grammatical function that signals either epistemic or deontic meaning.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. A general outline of the history and function of the modals in the English language
2.1 The grammaticalization – catastrophic or long-term change?
2.2 The Pre-Modals in OE – Full verbs?

3. Conclusion

4. Bibliography

• College: Free University of Berlin (Institut für Englische Philologie)
• Course: History and Variation of English II
• Grade: 2,7
• Author: Katharina Reese (Author)
• Publication Year: 2007
• Pages: 13
• Catalog Number: V163254
• ISBN (eBook): 9783640774265
• ISBN (Book): 9783640774425
• Language: English
• Tags: Development, English, Modals