Many countries in the world have gone through demographic transitions which have serious consequences on their economies. Examples for these are the USA and Germany. Since 1950, USA’s population has been going through a demographic transition. Although its population has experienced growth over the years, it is aging rapidly and has become more racially and ethnically diverse. Germany on the other hand, has a diminishing population with a population structure of people 65 and over, rising at a rapid rate. These demographic changes have had sig-nificant consequences for these economies and have ultimately led to policy implementations to address the issue. There are also grave concerns for the future of the economies, and the question of policy considerations for these changes.
The purpose of this research paper is to examine demographic changes that have occurred over time in USA and Germany, the impact that these changes have on these economies in par-ticular the labor market and the health system and future implications of these changes. Additionally, policy considerations that have been made to address these demographic changes will be addressed. This paper seeks to investigate what current and future impacts demographic changes have on USA and Germany and how the countries counteract these impacts.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
2 Demographic Change in Germany
2.1 Demographic Development
2.1.1 Drivers for Population Development
2.1.2 Change in Age Structure
2.2 Impacts on the German Economy
2.2.1 Impacts on the Labor Market
2.2.2 Impacts on the Social Pension Fund
2.2.3 Impacts on the Statutory Health Insurance
2.2.4 Impacts on the Compulsory Long Term Care Insurance
2.3 Counteractive measures
3 Demographic change in USA
3.1 The Changing Age Profile
3.2 Drivers for Demographic Change
3.2.1 Fertility
3.2.2 Mortality
3.2.3 Immigration
3.3 Impact of Demographic Change on Health Care in the USA
3.4 Impact of Demographic Change on American Labor Force
3.5 Impact of Demographic Change on Social Security and Medicare
3.5.1 The Old-Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance
3.5.2 Medicare
3.6 Policies to Offset the Economic Consequences
4 Conclusion
References
Appendix
Appendix 1: U.S. Population, by Age Group: 1950-2050
Appendix 2: U.S. Population Growth Rates, Birth Rates, Death Rates, and Net Immigration Rates: 1950 – 2050 (per 1,000 population)
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