In dieser Arbeit werden die von Immanuel Kant in der "Kritik der Urteilskraft" vorgetragene Argumentation zum moralischen Gottesbeweis ausführlich dargestellt und die dafür nötigen Begriffe geklärt. Ein Interpretationsproblem entsprechender Argumentation steht hier im Mittelpunkt und darauf wird sich die Arbeit in Abschnitt IV zuspitzen. Dieses Problem betrifft die in den Paragraphen §§82-91 vorherrschende unklare Semantik zwischen den für den moralischen Gottesbeweis konstitutiven Endzweckbegriffen. Konkret lässt sich das Problem folgendermaßen formulieren: Die teleologische Weltbetrachtung, die Kant in der Kritik der teleologischen Urteilskraft vornimmt, kumuliert argumentativ in der Frage danach, wozu die Welt als Ganze da ist und damit konkret in der Frage, was der Endzweck der Schöpfung ist. Kant bestimmt den Endzweck der Schöpfung zweimal. Zunächst einmal als den Menschen als moralischem Wesen. Aber Kant bestimmt im Fortgang der Argumentation den Endzweck der Schöpfung erneut, diesmal jedoch als Zustand der Welt, welcher mit dem moralischen Endzweck des Menschen, das höchste Gut zu befördern, zusammenstimmt.
Hieran offenbart sich, dass es in der Methodenlehre der Kritik der teleologischen Urteilskraft drei Endzweckbegriffe gibt:
Erstens ist der Endzweck der Schöpfung bestimmt als der Mensch als moralischem Wesen. Zweitens ist der Endzweck der Schöpfung ein Weltzustand. Drittens ist der Mensch auch zu einem Endzweck bestimmt, welcher im höchsten durch Freiheit möglichem Gut in der Welt besteht.
In Abschnitt III soll gezeigt werden, dass diese Mehrdeutigkeit des Endzweckbegriffs nicht nur ein Textproblem ist. Stattdessen sind daran auch philosophisch-sachliche Probleme geknüpft, welche es erfordern, eine einheitliche Deutung der Endzweckbegriffe und dem damit verbundenen moralischen Gottesbeweis der dritten Kritik anzustreben. Es soll letztlich eine Lesart entwickelt werden, die diese semantischen Probleme lösen und eine einheitliche Deutung des moralischen Gottesbeweises ermöglichen kann. Zunächst soll in Abschnitt II das hierfür notwendige begriffliche Instrumentarium bereitgestellt werden.
- Quote paper
- Maximilian Wopinski (Author), 2020, Der moralische Gottesbeweis bei Immanuel Kant. Semantische Mehrdeutigkeit und philosophische Herausforderungen in der "Kritik der Urteilskraft", Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1404634
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