The aim of the present study is to investigate the optimum pretreatment method and performance characteristics of anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass for biogas production in batch mode. To assess the potentiality towards biogas production, three different types of biomasses were collected and characterized. Based on the results obtained from the characterization, three different lignocellulosic biomasses viz sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw and rice husk were selected, upon which small scale anaerobic digestion was performed. In this research, therefore, an optimal achievement of the lignocellulosic plant has been evaluated in the pretreatment impact (physical, chemical and biological) and multiple biogas manufacturing parameters. The pretreatment method focused on removal of lignin content by applying different alkaline and acid condition and then anaerobic digestion of pretreated biomass (WS, RH, and SB).
Table of Contents
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
1.2 COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF BIOGAS
1.3 APPLICATIONS OF BIOGAS
1.4 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESS
1.5 TYPES OF BIOMETHANATION PROCESS
1.6 COMMONLY USED FEED MATERIALS FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
1.7 PRETREATMENT OF BIOMASS
1.7.1 LIGNOCELLULOSE
1.7.2 PRETREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS
1.7.3 UTILIZE OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS FOR IMPORTANCE-ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS
1.8 MANURES
1.9 OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESENT WORK
1.10 ORGANIZATION OF THESIS
CHAPTER -2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.0 INTRODUCTION
2.1 STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF LIGNOCELLULOSES BIOMASS
2.1.1 CELLULOSE
2.1.2 LIGNIN
2.1.3 HEMICELLULOSE
2.1.4 PRETREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
2.1.4.1 PHYSICAL PRETREATMENT
2.1.4.2 PHYSICOCHEMICAL PRETREATMENT
2.1.4.3 CHEMICAL PRETREATMENT
2.1.4.3.1 ALKALINE PRETREATMENT
2.1.4.3.2 ACID PRETREATMENT
2.1.4.4 BIOLOGICAL PRETREATMENT
2.2 FACTORS AFFECTING BIO-METHANATION PROCESSES
2.2.1 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION
2.2.2 EFFECT OF FEED MATERIAL ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION
2.2.3 EFFECT OF CO-DIGESTION OF BIOMASS ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION
2.2.4 EFFECT OF CARBON AND NITROGEN RATIO ON BIOGAS YIELD
2.2.5 EFFECT OF LOADING RATE (LR) ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION
2.2.6 ROLE OF PH ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION
2.2.7 EFFECT OF HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIME (HRT) ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION
2.2.8 EFFECT OF MECHANICAL STIRRING AND AGITATION ON BIOGAS YIELD
2.2.9 EFFECT OF ADDITIVES ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION
2.2.10 EFFECT OF TOXICITY ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION
2.2.11 INFLUENCE OF TOTAL SOLID (TS) ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION
2.2.12 BIOSLURRY AS MANURES
2.3 SUMMARY
CHAPTER - 3 CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOMASS
3.0 INTRODUCTION
3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATION
3.2 CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK
3.2.1 PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
3.2.1.1 MOISTURE CONTENT
3.2.1.2 VOLATILE MATTER CONTENT
3.2.1.3 ASH CONTENT
3.2.1.4 FIXED CARBON CONTENT
3.2.1.5 TOTAL SOLID (TS) CONTENT
3.2.1.6 ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
3.2.1.7 CALORIFIC VALUE OF FEED MATERIALS
3.2.1.8 FIBRE ANALYSES OF BIOMASS
3.3 PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
3.4 ULTIMATE ANALYSIS (UA)
3.4.1 CALORIFIC VALUE OF BIOMASS
3.4.2 FIBRE ANALYSIS
3.5 SELECTION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS FOR PRESENT STUDY
3.6 SUMMARY
CHAPTER – 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4.0 INTRODUCTION
4.1 MATERIAL & METHODOLOGY
4.1.1 GLASSWARE
4.1.2 EQUIPMENT
4.1.3 CHEMICALS
4.1.4 INOCULUM
4.1.5 BIOMASS (RICE HUSK, SUGARCANE BAGASSE, WHEAT STRAW)
4.1.6 DESIGNING LAB SCALE REACTOR FOR BIO-PROCESSING
4.2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES & METHODOLOGY
4.2.1 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL FROM BIOMASS (WS, RH, SB)
4.2.2 PRETREATMENT OF BIOMASS
4.2.3 BIO-DIGESTION OF PRETREATED BIOMASS
4.2.4 ANALYSIS OF MANURE
4.2.5 PRETREATMENT OF BIOMASS
4.2.5.1 PREPARATION OF STANDARD LIGNIN SOLUTION
4.2.5.2 PHYSICAL PRE-TREATMENT
4.2.5.3 ACID TREATMENT OF BIOMASS
4.2.5.4 THERMAL HYDROLYSIS
4.2.5.5 ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS
4.2.6 PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS
4.2.7 YIELD OF BIOGAS
4.2.8 PRETREATMENT OF WHEAT STRAW, RICE HUSK AND SUGARCANE BAGASSE
4.2.9 BIO-METHANATION
4.2.9.1 EFFECT OF TOTAL SOLID CONCENTRATION ON METHANE CONTENT (ML) OF BIOMASS
4.2.9.2 EFFECT OF NITROGENOUS SUBSTANCE ON BIOGAS YIELD
4.2.9.3 EFFECT OF pH ON BIOMETHANATION OF BIOMASS
4.2.9.4 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BIOMETHANATION OF BIOMASS
4.2.10 BIOSLURRY AS MANURE
4.3 SUMMARY
CHAPTER - 5 RESULT AND CONCLUSION
5.0 CONTRIBUTION OF THE PRESENT WORK
5.1 IMPROVED CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOMASS
5.2 COMPARATIVE PRETREATMENT FOR BIOMASS (WS, RH, SB)
5.3 OPTIMIZED ANAEROBIC CONDITION FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
5.4 END PRODUCT OF THE PRE-TREATMENT AND DIGESTER: MANURES
5.5 FUTURE STUDIES
Research Objective and Themes
The primary research objective is the evaluation of bioconversion from lignocellulosic agricultural waste (sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, and rice husk) into biogas. The study investigates various pretreatment methods—physical, chemical, and biological—to optimize delignification and enhance biomethanation, whilst simultaneously characterizing the resulting digestate to assess its potential as high-quality organic manure.
- Physicochemical and biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic waste.
- Optimization of anaerobic digestion parameters (temperature, pH, loading rate, C:N ratio).
- Comparative analysis of methane yields from sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, and rice husk.
- Characterization of outlet slurry for fertilizer potential (NPK value analysis).
- Evaluation of biomass composition and potential for biogas production.
Excerpt from the Book
1.1 BACKGROUND
Energy is a crucial contribution to economic growth, social development and human development. Global demand for energy has risen rapidly in recent years of rising global populations and improving affluence, industrialization and quality of life (Surendra et al., 2014; Perin et al., 2019). In 2010, global vitality consumption surpassed 524 QBtu and is projected to reach 800 QBtu by 2040 compared to a conventional growth rate of 1.5 percent per year (EIA, 2013). Fundamentally, an enormous part of the world's all out vitality requests (over 84%) is bolstered by non-sustainable fossil assets, for example, coal, oil, and petroleum gas. These assets are restricted in flexibly as well as effetely affect the earth because of the discharge of ozone harming substances (GHGs) into the climate (EIA, 2013). Petroleum products are the predominant wellspring of essential vitality due to their simple accessibility. Aside from their indigenous creation, most of creating nations import raw petroleum to adapt up to their expanding vitality request. Along these lines, a critical bit of their well-deserved fare profit is spent on the acquisition of oil based commodities. India is additionally a net vitality shipper and around 80% of the nation's fare profit are legitimately spent on the acquisition of oil based commodities (Correa et al., 2019).
There has been a sharp increment in the utilization example of oil based commodities in India. The constrained save of non-renewable energy source has involved worldwide worry as these are under danger of misfortune because of overexploitation. According to the World Energy Forum prediction, reserves of fossil fuels will exhaust in less than another ten decades.
Summary of Chapters
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION: Outlines the global energy crisis, the potential of biomass as a sustainable resource, and the specific research targets concerning biogas production from lignocellulosic waste.
CHAPTER -2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Examines existing research regarding lignocellulose structure, various pretreatment technologies (physical, chemical, biological), and parameters affecting biogas yield.
CHAPTER - 3 CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOMASS: Details the collection, preparation, and characterization methods of sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, and rice husk, focusing on proximate and ultimate analysis.
CHAPTER – 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Covers the experimental setup, reactor design, pretreatment procedures, and analytical methods used for evaluating biogas production potential.
CHAPTER - 5 RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Summarizes the key findings, including optimized pretreatment conditions and the nutrient value of the resultant bioslurry as manure, along with recommendations for future work.
Keywords
Biogas, Lignocellulosic biomass, Anaerobic digestion, Pretreatment, Delignification, Wheat straw, Sugarcane bagasse, Rice husk, Methane production, Bioslurry, Renewable energy, Biomethanation, Waste management, C:N ratio, Biofertilizer.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the core focus of this doctoral thesis?
The thesis focuses on the conversion of lignocellulosic agricultural waste—specifically sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, and rice husk—into biogas through anaerobic digestion, alongside the optimization of pretreatment processes to improve methane yields.
What are the primary biomasses analyzed in this research?
The research primarily evaluates the biogas production potential of three abundantly available residues: wheat straw, rice husk, and sugarcane bagasse.
What is the main objective of the proposed work?
The objective is to optimize pretreatment conditions to facilitate delignification of biomass, thereby increasing the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion process for higher biogas yields, while also determining the suitability of the residual slurry as fertilizer.
Which specific scientific methods and reactor types are employed?
The study uses batch-type stirred tank reactors (BSTR). It involves physical, chemical (acid/alkaline), and biological (fungal) pretreatment techniques, monitored via UV-Vis spectrophotometry and gas chromatography.
How is the biogas production monitored throughout the experiments?
Biogas production is measured using the water displacement method, and the methane content is analyzed with gas chromatography to assess the impact of different optimized pretreatment variables.
Which key parameters are shown to influence biogas yield?
The study identifies temperature, pH, total solids concentration, C:N ratio, and the method of pretreatment as critical factors influencing the methane yield efficiency.
What makes P. chrysosporium significant for this biomass conversion?
Among the biological treatments investigated, P. chrysosporium (white rot fungus) provided the maximum delignification, significantly enhancing the accessibility of cellulose for subsequent anaerobic digestion by secreting specific extracellular enzymes.
What is the conclusion regarding the residual slurry produced?
The research concludes that the spent slurry (bioslurry) is a nutrient-rich digestate high in Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (NPK), making it a viable and sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers.
- Quote paper
- Dr. Rajan Sharma (Author), 2020, Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Biogas, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1372897
