Globalization enables goods, services, and cultural and social influences to be gradually similar across the world. This could have both positive and negative consequences, such as the increased knowledge spillovers between countries or the outflow of natural resources from less developed countries to more developed countries at low prices. Technology plays a crucial role in globalization because it fosters competitive advantage and economic growth. This motivates governments to enact technology policies to supports research and development (R&D) activities as well as innovation activities, e.g. by allowing firms to form joint research ventures without the threat of antitrust enforcement, by granting an individual or firm a limited right to exclude others from using its ideas (i.e. in form of a patent on its invention) or encouraging private R&D spending via tax credits and/or subsidizing R&D projects. National innovation systems (NIS) are constructed to achieve this goal. Some globalization-related potentials or challenges for NIS include tax policies, migration, and intellectual property rights (IPR).
Inhaltsverzeichnis (Table of Contents)
- Globalization and its potentials and challenges for national innovation systems (technology policy perspective)
- Introduction
- Globalization and its impact on national innovation systems
- Tax Policies
- Migration
- Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
- Conclusion
Zielsetzung und Themenschwerpunkte (Objectives and Key Themes)
The paper aims to explore the impact of globalization on national innovation systems (NIS), specifically from a technology policy perspective. It investigates how globalization, through its various dimensions, can both enhance and disrupt the effectiveness of NIS in fostering innovation and economic growth.
- The positive and negative effects of globalization on global economic growth.
- The role of technology policy in supporting research and development (R&D) activities and innovation.
- The key actors and their interconnected relationships within a national innovation system.
- The impact of globalization-related factors, such as tax policies, migration, and intellectual property rights, on NIS.
- The potential for both brain drain and brain gain from migration patterns.
Zusammenfassung der Kapitel (Chapter Summaries)
- Introduction: This section defines globalization, focusing on its economic dimension and outlining its potential benefits and drawbacks for economic growth. The importance of technology as a driver of competitive advantage and economic growth is emphasized, leading to the introduction of technology policy as a key response by governments.
- Globalization and its impact on national innovation systems: This section explores the concept of national innovation systems (NIS) as interconnected institutions facilitating innovation. The paper then examines three critical globalization-related factors that can influence NIS: tax policies, migration, and intellectual property rights (IPR).
- Tax Policies: This subsection highlights the role of tax policies in attracting capital and talent, potentially leading to tax competition and the emergence of "tax havens." It also mentions international efforts to address tax avoidance and ensure fair tax practices.
- Migration: This subsection discusses the phenomenon of brain drain, where skilled workers migrate from less developed to more developed countries, potentially impacting innovation and economic growth in the sending regions. It also explores the potential for brain gain in receiving regions due to increased innovation potential and economic growth.
- Intellectual Property Rights (IPR): This subsection emphasizes the importance of patent protection for promoting technological and business competitiveness. It also discusses the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement and its implications for international trade. The potential for controversy regarding IPR, particularly during pandemics, is also briefly mentioned.
Schlüsselwörter (Keywords)
The primary keywords and focus topics of this paper include globalization, national innovation systems, technology policy, tax policies, migration, brain drain, intellectual property rights (IPR), patents, and the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main objective of this paper?
The paper aims to explore the impact of globalization on national innovation systems (NIS) from a technology policy perspective, investigating how it enhances or disrupts innovation and economic growth.
How does technology policy support R&D activities?
Governments support R&D by allowing joint research ventures, granting patents to protect inventions, and encouraging private spending through tax credits or direct subsidies.
What are the three key globalization factors influencing NIS?
The three critical factors examined are tax policies, migration patterns, and intellectual property rights (IPR).
What is the difference between brain drain and brain gain?
Brain drain refers to skilled workers leaving less developed countries, while brain gain refers to receiving regions benefiting from increased innovation potential due to this migration.
What is the significance of the TRIPS agreement?
The Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement sets international standards for patent protection and has significant implications for global trade competitiveness.
How do tax policies affect innovation?
Tax policies are used to attract capital and talent, though they can lead to tax competition and the emergence of "tax havens," prompting international efforts for fair tax practices.
- Quote paper
- Christian Yonathan Wiratmo (Author), 2022, Globalization and its Potentials and Challenges for National Innovation Systems. A Technology Policy Perspective, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1354154
