This descriptive quantitative survey conducted in 2023, sampled 300 residents in Barangay Mambaling, Cebu City to ascertain the community needs assessment prior to implementation of extension activities. For decades the Barangay Mambaling, Cebu City has been a partnered Community by University of Cebu Maritime Education and Training Center. The research instrument was created by the researchers with questions on 3 sections: personal information, housing, environment, and organization.
The provision of community extension services in partner communities attends to the university's fourth function. The institution must offer community members help and educational possibilities, especially to those who lack access to either formal education or employment. Partner communities should benefit from the knowledge and abilities of teachers and non-teaching personnel as well as from the lessons learnt by students in the classroom.
The residents were purposively identified with the following inclusion criteria: 16 to 60 years old, with a child/with children and registered in the barangay as a voter. Descriptive statistics specifically mode was used.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
Introduction
Theoretical Background
Related Studies
Methodology
Presentation and Data Analysis
Conclusion
Output
Sources
TABLES
Table 1. Personal Information
Table 2. Housing and Environment
Table 3. Organization
ABSTRACT
The provision of community extension services in partner communities attends to the university's fourth function. The institution must offer community members help and educational possibilities, especially to those who lack access to either formal education or employment. Partner communities should benefit from the knowledge and abilities of teachers and non-teaching personnel as well as from the lessons learnt by students in the classroom.
This descriptive quantitative survey conducted in 2023, sampled 300 residents in Barangay Mambaling, Cebu City to ascertain the community needs assessment prior to implementation of extension activities. For decades the Barangay Mambaling, Cebu City has been a partnered Community by University of Cebu Maritime Education and Training Center. The research instrument was created by the researchers with questions on 3 sections: personal information, housing, environment, and organization.
The residents were purposively identified with the following inclusion criteria: 16 to 60 years old, with a child/with children and registered in the barangay as a voter. Descriptive statistics specifically mode was used. Researchers have identified that the sustainable programs of the university for barangay Mambaling, Cebu City shall include literacy, livelihood, solid waste management, educational assistance, and community participation programs.
Keywords: PRECEDE-PROCEED Model; Community Needs Assessment; Barangay Mambaling; Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines; Literacy; Livelihood; Solid Waste Management; Educational Assistance
INTRODUCTION
University of Cebu Maritime Education and Training Center (UC-METC), a higher education institution in the Philippines, lives up to its vision to democratize quality education, be the visionary and industry leader, and give hope and transform lives. A university has 4 functions: research, instruction, production, and community extension. As it addresses the 4th function of the university, UC-METC extends its services to partner communities and organizations. In accordance with the pertinent provisions of Republic Act No. 7722 otherwise known as the Higher Education Act of 1994, and to further promote and enhance relevant and quality higher education in the country and the Commission on Higher Education Memorandum Order No. 48 Series of 1996, higher education institution must have a credible community extension program which may take the form of continuing education, application of research results, community service and the like (www.ched.gov.ph).
Thus, in 2022, as stated on Commission on Higher Education Memorandum order no. 09 series of 2022, that all State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) Local Universities and Private HEIs, including all their campuses/branches, may conduct face to - face classes for all programs. University of Cebu Maritime Education and Training Center renewed their partnership with the Barangay Mambaling as its partner community. But before the institution can implement activities in the community, it is essential to assess the needs of the residents.
A good community profile will ensure that the real needs of communities are addressed by development programs and projects. It involves research and systematic consultation with community stakeholders and project beneficiaries before the project is designed and implemented. Problems and needs must be identified and will involve the people who are meant to benefit from the project design. Potential problems if identified early, and a good assessment will help measure reactions, preferences and priorities before any final decisions are made (Cuevas, 2007).
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
The theoretical background of this study is anchored on Lawrence Greene and Phil Rabonowitz' PRECEDE- PROCEED model that provides a comprehensive structure for assessing health and quality-of-life needs and for designing, implementing, and evaluating health promotion and other public health programs to meet those needs. Precede is an acronym that stands for (Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnostic and Evaluation) which outlines a diagnostic planning process to assist in the development of targeted and focused public health programs. Proceed stands for Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development which guides the implementation and evaluation of the programs designed using Precede (Dolan, 2001).
The Precede model consist of five phases. Phase one is the Social Diagnosis. It involves determining the quality of life of social problems and needs of a given population. This is best accomplished by involving the people in a self-study of their needs and aspirations, thus subjectively defined. The kinds of social problems a community experience are a practical and accurate barometer of its quality of life (Kreuter, 2000).
The second phase is the Epidemiological Diagnosis. It consists of identifying the health determinants that may contribute to the social goals or problems identified in phase 1. Using available data, information generated by appropriate investigations and epidemiological and medicine findings, the planner ranks the several health problems identified. These data may include disability, discomfort, fertility, fitness, morbidity, mortality, physiological risk factors and their dimensions (distribution, duration, functional level, incidence, longevity and prevalence).
Phase 3 is the Behavioral and Environmental Diagnosis. This involves analyzing the behavioral and environmental determinants of the health problems. Because these are the risk factors that the invention is tailored to affect, they must be very specifically identified and carefully ranked. Environmental factors are those external to an individual, often to support the behavior, health or quality of life of that person or others affected by the person's actions. Behavioral factors include compliance, consumption patterns, coping, preventive actions, self-care and utilization. These indicators can be expressed in the dimensions of frequency, persistence, promptness, quality and range. Environmental indicators include economic, physical, services, and social; their dimensions include access, affordability and equity (Kreuter, 2000).
In phase 4 which is the Educational and Organizational Diagnosis, the factors that predispose to, reinforce, and enable the behaviors and lifestyles are identified. Predisposing factors include a person's or population's knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, and perceptions that facilitate or hinder motivation for change. Enabling factors are those skills, resources, or barriers that can help or hinder the desired behavioral changes as well as environmental changes. They can be viewed as vehicles or barriers, created mainly by societal forces or systems. Facilities and personal or community resources may be ample or inadequate, as income or health insurance, and laws and statues may be supportive or restrictive. The skills required for a desired behavior to occur also qualify as enabling factors. Enabling factors thus include all the factors that make possible desired change in behavior or in the environment. Reinforcing factors are the rewards received, and the feedback the learner receives from others following adoption of the behavior (Spradley, 2001).
Phase 5 is the Administrative and Policy Diagnosis. It involves ascertaining which health promotion, health education and/or policy-related interventions would best be suited to encouraging the desired changes in the behaviors or environments and in the factors that support those behaviors and environments (Kreuter, 2000).
The PROCEED model is composed of four additional phases. In phase six, the interventions identified in phase five are implemented. Phase 7 entails process evaluation of those interventions. Phase 8 involves evaluating the impact of the interventions on the factors supporting behavior, and on behavior itself. The 9th and last phase comprises outcome evaluation, that is, determining the ultimate effects of the interventions on the health and quality of life of the population (Kreuter, 2000).
In actual practice, PRECEDE and PROCEED function in a continuous cycle. Information gathered in Precede guides the development of program goals and objectives in the implementation phase of PROCEED. This same information also provides the criteria against which the success of the program is measured in the evaluation phase of Proceed. In turn, the date gathered in the implementation and evaluation phase of PROCEED clarify the relationships examined in PRECEDE between the health or quality-of-life outcomes, the behaviors and environment that influence them, and the factors that lead to the desired behavioral and environmental changes. These data also suggest how programs may be modified to more closely reach their goals and targets (Kreuter, 2000).
RELATED STUDIES
In the study of Abadiano and Maximo the researchers profiled Barangay Mambaling, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines. Data was collected in 2015 and 2016. The study showed that in 2016, the community residents' needs were solid waste management, literacy, and livelihood programs. In 2019, the needs were solid waste management, literacy, health education, greening management, livelihood, fishing, and community participation programs (2019).
One study examines the usefulness of an integrated approach to needs assessment using an empowerment framework, within a health visitor/client interaction, in the home setting. It is intended to demonstrate the existence of a flexible approach to assessing need that is based on research about necessary processes for carrying out health visiting. The design of the tool described in this paper allows the use of professional judgement as well as fulfilling commissioning requirements to address health outcomes. Health promotion and empowerment are central to health visiting practice and should be reflected in the way needs are assessed. Many NHS trusts have introduced a system of targeting and prioritizing health visiting through a system of questioning to assess needs. This may reveal the work that health visitors do, but may also inhibit the open, listening approach required for client empowerment. Different methods of assessing need can be used that do not compromise the commissioning requirements, the health visitor's duty of care or professional accountability. The empowerment approach is key to the philosophy of health visiting. There are ways of approaching needs assessment that do not compromise the ethos of partnership-working in a health promoting way (Houston & Cowley, 2002).
METHODOLOGY
This survey was conducted in 2023. The researchers utilized the descriptive quantitative design. A sample of 300 residents of Barangay Mambaling Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines was used. The research instrument was created by the researchers with questions on 3 sections: personal information, housing and environment, and community organizations. The residents were purposively identified with the following inclusion criteria: 16 to 60 years old, with a child/with children and has resided for at least 5 years in the barangay. Descriptive statistics specifically mode was used.
PRESENTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS
Table 1. Personal Information
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Table 1 shows, that the dominant highest educational attainment of the respondents is the high school graduate and the least educational attainment is no schooling. In the employment status of the respondents reveal that most of them are unemployed and there were more contractual employees than a permanent employee. The primary religion of the respondents was Roman Catholic. Mostly of the respondents resides in the Barangay for more than 30 years. The extended family was the primary family structure of the respondents. In terms of monthly income, Php 4001 and above was the majority income of the respondents. The number of children of the respondents shows that mostly, they have 3 children.
Table 2. Housing and Environment
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In table 2 shows, that most of the respondents does not practice proper segregation of their garbage, most of them have their own toilet facility. Their household drainage system majority of it is a closed drainage. In terms of storing their drinking water primary the respondents used a jar with faucet. Mostly of the respondents had a concrete and wood as a material of their housing construction and majority of them owned its house.
Table 3. Organization
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The table 3, interprets that mostly of the respondents are not member of an organization and for those who are members of an organization primary of them joined the religious organization and followed by the women's organization. The respondents show that they are interested in joining a community organization.
The respondents were requested to identify problems that the university should help them address. The top 3 problems to be addressed by the university includes the following: Solid Waste Management (132); Livelihood (104); Education (62).
CONCLUSION
Researchers have identified that the sustainable programs of the university for Barangay Mambaling, Cebu City, shall include solid waste management, literacy, livelihood, educational assistance and community participation programs. Researchers recommended the evaluation of these programs on a yearly basi
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Sources:
Amparado, M. A. P., Camayra, M. T., Dorio Jr., P. A., & Patindol, D. B. (2017). Sustainable community extension programs for village Looc, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines: The 8th Year re-assessment. IAMURE, 19(1): 102-114.
Cuevas, F. P. L. (2007). Public health nursing in the Philippines. Manila: Publications Committee, National League of Philippine Government Nurses, Inc. Dolan, J. (2001). Nursing in society. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
Houston, A. M., & Cowley, S. (2002). An empowerment approach to needs assessment in health visiting practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 11(5), 640-650. Kreuter, M. W. (2000). Health promotion planning: An educational and ecological approach. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.
Spradley, B. W. (2001). Reading in community health nursing. University of Minnesota. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company.
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What is included in the Table of Contents?
The table of contents outlines the document's structure, including sections like the Abstract, Introduction, Theoretical Background, Related Studies, Methodology, Presentation and Data Analysis, Conclusion, Output, and Sources.
What are the key tables presented in this language preview?
The preview mentions three tables: Table 1 (Personal Information), Table 2 (Housing and Environment), and Table 3 (Organization).
What is the central theme of the Abstract?
The abstract discusses the provision of community extension services by a university, focusing on offering educational opportunities and leveraging the knowledge of faculty, staff, and students to benefit partner communities.
What research methodology was employed in the described study?
The study used a descriptive quantitative survey conducted in 2023 with 300 residents of Barangay Mambaling, Cebu City. Data collection was performed using a researcher made questionnaire on personal information, housing and environment, and organization.
What were the key findings of the community needs assessment?
The needs assessment identified several key areas for sustainable university programs, including literacy, livelihood, solid waste management, educational assistance, and community participation programs.
What theoretical framework underpins this study?
The study is based on Lawrence Greene and Phil Rabonowitz' PRECEDE-PROCEED model, which provides a structure for assessing needs and designing, implementing, and evaluating health promotion programs.
What are the phases of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?
The PRECEDE model consists of five phases: Social Diagnosis, Epidemiological Diagnosis, Behavioral and Environmental Diagnosis, Educational and Organizational Diagnosis, and Administrative and Policy Diagnosis. The PROCEED model contains an additional four phases: Implementation, Process Evaluation, Impact Evaluation, and Outcome Evaluation.
What did related studies reveal about Barangay Mambaling?
Previous studies indicated that the community's needs included solid waste management, literacy, livelihood programs, health education, greening management, fishing, and community participation programs.
What were the key demographics identified in Table 1 (Personal Information)?
Table 1 revealed that most respondents are high school graduates, primarily unemployed, Roman Catholic, have resided in the barangay for over 30 years, live in extended family structures, and mostly earn Php 4001 and above monthly, and have 3 children.
What were the key findings related to housing and environment in Table 2?
Table 2 showed that most respondents do not practice proper garbage segregation, have their own toilet facilities, utilize closed drainage systems, commonly store drinking water in jars with faucets, reside in houses constructed of concrete and wood, and own their homes.
What were the key findings related to organization membership in Table 3?
Table 3 indicated that the majority of respondents are not members of any organization. Those who are tend to join religious or women's organizations, and most respondents expressed interest in joining a community organization.
What were the top three problems identified by the community that the university should address?
The top three problems were Solid Waste Management, Livelihood, and Education.
What is the overall conclusion of the research?
The research concludes that the university's sustainable programs for Barangay Mambaling should include solid waste management, literacy, livelihood, educational assistance, and community participation programs, with yearly program evaluation recommended.
- Quote paper
- Daryl Babatid (Author), Erwin A. Negapatan (Author), Eunefrey M. Cabahug (Author), Maximo C. Tangente (Author), Maridol Joyce G. Bactol (Author), 2023, Community Needs Assessment Survey Barangay Mambaling, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1330267
