Nanoscience is the study of things that happen at the nanoscale. This means that different structures, devices, and systems must have one dimension that is 100 nanometers or smaller. There are many natural structures with a size of one or more nanometers. Nanotechnology could have a big effect on society and help people in many ways. Using nanomaterials could lead to the discovery of new ways to reduce pollution. On the other hand, these compounds could pose risks to human health that we don't know about yet. As long as the nanoparticles are attached to the carrier, there is no reason to think that they pose a greater risk to human health or the environment than materials that are bigger. Nanotechnology is different from other fields of technology because it can control things on a scale that is nanoscale. Nanotechnology has the potential to have a huge effect on society. Nanotechnology creates new materials that can do things at the nanoscale that no other materials can.
The industries most open to nanotechnology are those that deal with information and communications, such as electronics and optoelectronics. People should be concerned about what happens to free nanoparticles that are made by nanotechnology and then released into the environment. Because of their size, shape, or make-up, these nanoparticles could be harmful to people. This is because they have properties that have never been seen before. If there is a chance that a completely new danger will be found, it is very important to look into the nature of the risk in great detail.
2. What can be said for and against
3.What is nanotechnology and how it works?
4. Possible Ways to Use and Apply Nanotechnology
5. Risk assessment
6. Limitations put on the Scope
7. Conclusion and concerns for the future
References
1. Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the branch of science and engineering that focuses on designing, making, and using frameworks, systems, and structures that are made by controlling atoms and molecules at the nanoscale (Rajni Garg et al. 2022). This means that different structures, devices, and systems must have at least one dimension that is 100 nanometers (100 millionths of a millimetre) or smaller. Or, you could say that the size must be less than 100 nanometers (Sharma, Garg, and Kumari 2020). There are many natural structures with sizes of one or more nanometers. Nanostructures have been accidentally used in a wide range of applications since the beginning of technology (Foroughi et al. 2021). However, it wasn't until fairly recently that it became possible to make these structures on purpose. When compared to the same materials made on a larger scale, nanotechnology products have very different properties and effects (Caon, Martelli, and Fakhouri 2017). One of the most common ways nanotechnology is used is to make new materials that are different in these ways. This is because, compared to bigger particles, nanoparticles have a very high ratio of surface area to volume (Hasheminya and Dehghannya 2020). Other effects can be seen at this scale but not at larger scales. These effects can be seen. In this opinion, the different nanotechnology-related terms are used in a way that is consistent with the following definitions for the most important general terms: nanoparticle, nanomaterial, nanoscale, nanoscale device, nanoscale material, nanoscale device, nanoscale device, nanoscale device, nanoscale device, nanoscale device, nanoscale device, nanoscale
• Something is on the nanoscale if it has one or more dimensions that are 100 nanometers or smaller (Ghosh et al. 2022).
• The study of what occurs and how things can be altered at the atomic, molecule, and macromolecular sizes, where things are significantly different from larger scales (Patra et al. 2018).
• The study of what happens at the atomic, molecular, and macromolecular levels and how things can change at those levels (Rajni Garg et al. 2022).
• Nanoscience is the study of things that happen at the nanoscale level (Sozer and Kokini 2009).
• "Nanotechnology" refers to the process of designing, analysing, making, and using structures, devices, and systems that are made by changing their shape and size on the nanoscale. The term "nanotechnology" also refers to the process (S. Kumar et al. 2019).
• A type of material is called a "nanomaterial" if it has one or more outer dimensions or an inner structure and could have different properties than the same type of material that doesn't have nanoscale features (V. Kumar and Arora 2020).
• A nanoparticle is a type of particle that has at least one size that can be measured on the nanoscale. (It's important to note that in this study, nanoparticles are thought to have two or more dimensions when viewed on the nanoscale.) (Rishav Garg and Garg 2020)
• A nanocomposite is a type of composite in which at least one of the phases has at least one dimension that can be measured on the nanoscale. This sort of composite is referred to by the name "nanocomposite." (Naseem and Durrani 2021)
• Something is said to be "nanostructured" if it has a structure on the nanoscale (Holzinger, Goff, and Cosnier 2014).
2. What can be said for and against
Nanotechnology's uses could have a big effect on society and help people in many ways. Nanotechnology is now used in many business areas, including information and communications, food technology, energy technology, and especially medical products and therapies (Bhardwaj, Lata, and Garg 2022). Also, using nanomaterials could lead to the discovery of new ways to reduce the harmful effects of pollution on the environment (Eddy et al. 2022). On the other hand, these new compounds could pose risks to human health that we don't know about yet. Humans have come up with a number of ways to protect themselves from a wide range of environmental threats, which can be of different strengths (Mohaghegh et al. 2020). On the other hand, they had never worked with synthetic nanoparticles or known what characteristics they had before not too long ago. So, it's possible that the body's normal defences, like the immune and inflammatory systems, might not be able to fight these nanoparticles as well as they could (Mittal, Chisti, and Banerjee 2013). Because nanoparticles are so small, this is the case. Nanoparticles might also move around and stay in the environment, which means they might have an effect on the natural world (Rajni Garg, Kumari, et al. 2021). When thinking about the risks nanostructures might pose to a person's health, there are two different kinds of nanostructures to think about:
• those in which the structure is a free particle in and of itself, which are called "free nanoparticles" and are the most worrying; and • those in which the structure is a free particle in and of itself (Shukla et al. 2009).
• Those in which the nanostructure is a natural part of a larger object, like materials with nanomaterial coatings. These are different from other nanostructured materials (Vipan et al. 2018).
But as long as the nanoparticles are attached to the carrier, there is no reason to think that they pose a greater risk to human health or the environment than materials that are bigger. This is true no matter if the nanoparticles are thought to be dangerous or not (Asimbaya et al. 2022).
3.What is nanotechnology and how it works?
Nanotechnologies are the fields of science and engineering that use things that happen on the nanometer scale to design, characterise, make, and use new materials, structures, devices, and systems. The field that includes all of these subfields is called "nanotechnology." (Rajni Garg, Kumari, et al. 2021) Even though there are many nanometer-sized structures in nature, such as molecules in the human body and food ingredients, and even though many technologies have used nanoscale structures for a long time, it has only been possible in the last 25 years to change molecules and structures on purpose (Drexler 2006). Because of recent improvements in nanotechnology, scientists can now make new materials with properties that weren't possible before. Nanotechnology is different from other fields of technology because it can control things on a scale that is on the nanoscale (Díez-Pascual and Díez-Vicente 2014).
4. Possible Ways to Use and Apply Nanotechnology
There is no doubt that the many ways nanotechnology can be used have the potential to have a huge effect on society. This is something that can be said for sure. It is reasonable to think that, in the long run, using nanotechnology will be very helpful to both people and organisations in a wide range of settings (Huang et al. 2018). At these sizes, the ratio of surface area to volume is very high. This, along with the quantum effects that aren't visible at larger scales, is what causes new things to happen. A lot of these applications require the creation of brand-new materials that, because they can work at the nanoscale, can do things that no other materials can (Bhatia 2019). Some examples of these types of materials are very thin films, which are used in the fields of catalysis and electronics, two-dimensional nanotubes and nanowires, which are used in the fields of optical and magnetic systems, and nanoparticles, which are used in the fields of cosmetics, drugs, and coatings (Rishav Garg, Garg, Okon Eddy, et al. 2022). The industries that are most open to nanotechnology are those that deal with information and communications, which includes fields like electronics and optoelectronics, food technology, energy technology, and medical goods. Some other businesses are: In fields like pharmaceuticals, drug delivery systems, diagnostics, and medical technology, where the terms "nanomedicine" and "bionanotechnology" are already common, there are many different ways that these terms can be used. When it comes to making the environment less polluted, products made with nanotechnology may bring up new problems that need to be solved (Vazquez-Munoz and Lopez-Ribot 2020).
- Quote paper
- Dr. Rajni Garg (Author), 2022, Nanotechnology and How it Works. Possible Ways to Use and Apply Nanotechnology, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/1272017
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